Ethiopia-Emory TB Research Training Program

描述(申请人提供)：结核病(TB)是埃塞俄比亚的一种突发公共卫生事件。艾滋病毒/结核病混合感染以及耐多药结核病的出现和传播给结核病控制带来了新的重大挑战。埃塞俄比亚是占全球结核病负担80%的22个“高负担国家”之一，也是27个耐多药结核病高负担国家之一。埃塞俄比亚的结核病负担在世界上排名第七，2010-2011年进行的第一次基于人口的全国结核病患病率调查发现，87%的培养确诊结核病患者以前从未被发现过。为了加强埃塞俄比亚和全球的结核病控制，需要新的工具(新药、诊断和有效疫苗)，以及更好地实施和扩大现有工具。埃塞俄比亚改善结核病研究、治疗和控制的一个主要障碍是缺乏具有相关研究知识和专业知识的埃塞俄比亚科学家和卫生专业人员来开展国际公认的研究，然后这些研究可以转化为改善埃塞俄比亚的公共卫生做法。这项名为“埃塞俄比亚-埃默里结核病研究培训计划(EETB-RTP)”的申请代表了亚特兰大的埃默里大学和亚的斯亚贝巴的三个埃塞俄比亚机构之间的合作，这三个机构有密切合作的历史。埃塞俄比亚的机构包括一个在国际上享有盛名的结核病调查研究所(Armauer-Hansen Research Institute[AHRI])，一个授予学位的大学(亚的斯亚贝巴大学[AAU])，这是埃塞俄比亚历史最悠久和规模最大的大学，以及一个国家公共卫生机构(埃塞俄比亚健康和营养研究所[EHNRI])，它是埃塞俄比亚卫生部的一部分，为埃塞俄比亚卫生部提供所有结核病实验室支持。与埃塞俄比亚疾控中心、亚特兰大疾控中心和PEPFAR的更多合作也将增加研究培训机会。EETB-RTP的重点是提供国内教学和指导研究培训，并建设人力资源能力，通过向各种具有突出潜力的埃塞俄比亚研究人员提供长期、中期和短期研究培训和研究机会，加强埃塞俄比亚高质量结核病相关研究的研究基础设施。我们将利用信息技术(如视频会议)加强国内培训，包括通过AAU的硕士和博士学位项目为学员提供的培训，以便利用埃默里临床研究理学硕士项目(MSCR)和亚特兰大临床与翻译科学研究所(ACTSI，由埃默里国立卫生研究院资助的CTSA)开发的资源，并通过加强指导。为了增加与结核病相关的多学科研究和合作的机会，我们将侧重于研究培训的一个总主题，该主题与埃塞俄比亚的一个主要公共卫生优先事项有关，即加强结核病病例的发现，包括耐药结核病。不同类型的研究培训将强调这一主题，包括实验室、临床/转化学、流行病学、实施科学和行为/社会科学。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Tuberculosis (TB) is a public health emergency in Ethiopia. HIV/TB co-infection and the emergence and spread of multidrug resistant (MDR)-TB present major new challenges to TB control. Ethiopia is one of the 22 "high burden countries" which account for >80% of the global burden of TB and one of 27 MDR-TB high burden countries. Ethiopia has the 7th highest burden of TB in the world and the first ever population-based national TB prevalence survey carried out in 2010-2011 found that 87% of those with culture-confirmed TB had not been previously detected. In order to enhance TB control in Ethiopia and globally, new tools are needed (new drugs, diagnostics and an effective vaccine) as well as better implementation and scale up of existing tools. A major barrier to improved research, treatment and control of TB in Ethiopia is the scarcity of Ethiopian scientists and health professionals with the relevant research knowledge and expertise to carry out internationally recognized research which can then be translated to improve public health practices in Ethiopia. This application entitled, "Ethiopia-Emory TB Research Training Program (EETB-RTP)" represents collaboration between Emory University in Atlanta and three Ethiopian institutions in Addis Ababa which have a history of close collaborations. The Ethiopian institutions include an internationally respected research institute focused on TB investigation (Armauer-Hansen Research Institute [AHRI]), a degree granting university (Addis Ababa University [AAU]) which is the oldest and largest university in Ethiopia, and a national public health institution (Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Institute [EHNRI]) which is part of the Ethiopia Ministry of Health (MOH), and provides all the TB laboratory support for the Ethiopian MOH. Additional collaborations with CDC-Ethiopia, CDC-Atlanta and PEPFAR will also enhance research training opportunities. The EETB-RTP is focused on providing in-country didactic and mentored research training and building human resource capacity to enhance the research infrastructure for high quality TB-related research in Ethiopia by providing long, medium and short-term research training and research opportunities to a diverse group of Ethiopian researchers with outstanding potential. We will augment training occurring in- country including that provided to our trainees through Master and PhD-degree programs at AAU by using information technology (e.g., video conferencing) in order to leverage resources developed by the Emory Master of Science in Clinical Research (MSCR) program and the Atlanta Clinical and Translational Science Institute (ACTSI, the Emory NIH-funded CTSA) and through enhanced mentoring. To enhance opportunities for multidisciplinary TB-related research and collaboration, we will focus on a general theme for research training that is tied to a major public health prioriy in Ethiopia, namely enhancing TB case detection including drug resistant TB. This theme will be emphasized for different types of research training including laboratory, clinical/translational, epidemiologic, implementation science, and behavioral/social science.