Form and Motion Integration

描述（由申请人提供）：对运动和双目线索的敏感性都具有重要的适应意义。虽然单个单元的研究已经提供了关于单个皮质区域的定向选择性和双眼视的时空动态的详细信息，并且人类功能磁共振成像研究已经绘制了多个人类视觉区域的缓慢血流动力学反应，但这两种方法都没有提供这些网络的功能动态分析。我们已经开发了基于脑电图的源成像和信号分析工具，我们将使用这些工具在2厘米或更小的空间分辨率上开发整个皮层的运动处理和双目相互作用的预测动态模型。在目标1中，我们将使用脑电图源成像和感知测量来比较远距离和短距离视运动下的时空相互作用的功能形式，并绘制它们的产生地点。方向特异性适应将用于确认哪些响应成分是由于运动机制。我们还将改变观察者的任务，以确定自上而下（反馈）对表观运动处理的影响程度。双稳态视运动刺激将被用来比较当视运动被感知时和不被感知时的反应。在目标2中，我们将应用脑电图源成像的最新技术发展来研究2至6个月大的正常发育的人类婴儿的纹状外皮层的运动反应。这些数据将用于测试运动处理模型，并确定快速发展的时期。在Aim 3中，我们将研究斜视/弱视患者完整运动加工与功能性双眼相互作用之间的关系。在这三个目标中，四个独立的标准（皮质轨迹、发育解离、对注意力的依赖和非线性相互作用模式）将被用来为心理物理学家预测的多运动处理子系统的存在提供聚合证据。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Sensitivity to motion and binocular cues are both of vital adaptive significance. While single unit studies have provided detailed information on the spatio-temporal dynamics of direction-selectivity and binocularity in individual cortical areas and human fMRI studies have mapped slow hemodynamic responses in multiple human visual areas, neither approach provides an analysis of the functional dynamics of these networks. We have developed EEG-based source-imaging and signal analysis tools that we will use to develop predictive dynamical models of motion processing and binocular interaction throughout cortex at a spatial resolution that is on the order of 2 cm or less. In Aim 1 we will use EEG-source imaging and perceptual measurements to compare the functional form of spatio-temporal interactions underlying long- versus short-range apparent motion and to map their sites of generation. Direction-specific adaptation will be used to confirm which response components are due to motion mechanisms. We will also vary the observer's task in order to determine the extent of top-down (feedback) influences on apparent motion processing. A bistable apparent motion stimulus will be used to compare responses during episodes when apparent motion is perceived to when it is not. In Aim 2 we will apply recent technical developments in EEG source-imaging to the study of motion responses in the extra-striate cortex of typically developing humans infants between two and six months of age. These data will be used to test models of motion processing and to identify periods of rapid development. In Aim 3 we will study the relationship between intact motion processing and functional binocular interaction in patients with strabismus/amblyopia. Across the three Aims, four independent criteria (cortical locus, developmental dissociation, dependence on attention and pattern of non-linear interaction) will be used to provide converging evidence regarding the existence of multiple motion processing sub-systems as predicted by psychophysicists.