HPV and cancer at multiple anatomic sites

人乳头瘤病毒是已知的导致人类癌症的主要感染源之一；据估计，全球约5%的癌症可归因于HPV感染。虽然众所周知，HPV是宫颈癌的必要原因，但世界专家一致认为，对于HPV16，最具致癌性的HPV基因型别，数据显示，在宫颈以外的癌症，包括外阴、阴道、阴茎和肛门，以及口咽部的一些头颈部肿瘤中，HPV16起因果作用。其他被认为与HPV感染有关的癌症，但因果关系尚未显示出来，包括口腔癌、喉癌、结膜癌，对于皮肤HPV类型，还包括皮肤癌。为此，IIB内部的大量研究集中在HPV感染在宫颈外部位癌症中的作用。我们有许多正在进行的研究，其目的是：1)评估非宫颈部位HPV感染的自然历史2)确定这些部位肿瘤中HPV感染的流行率和生物活性3)评估HPV感染与宫颈外癌流行、复发和复发风险之间的预期联系4)评估HPV16/18预防性疫苗对宫颈外感染的疗效

Human papillomaviruses are one of the principal infectious agents known to cause cancers in humans; it is estimated that approximately 5% of cancers worldwide are attributable to HPV infection. While it is well established that HPV is a necessary cause of cervical cancer, world experts agree that for HPV16, the most carcinogenic of the HPV genotypes, data show a causal role in cancers outside the cervix, including the vulva, vagina, penis, and anus, and some head and neck tumors in the oropharynx. Other cancers hypothesized to be related to HPV infection, but for which a causal association has yet to be shown, include cancers of the oral cavity, larynx, conjunctiva, and, for cutaneous HPV types, skin. To that end, considerable research within the IIB focuses on the role of HPV infection in cancer at extra-cervical sites. We have many on-going studies whose aims are to:1) evaluate the natural history of HPV infections at non-cervical sites 2) determine the prevalence and biologic activity of HPV infection in tumors from these sites3) assess the prospective association between HPV infection and risk of extra-cervical prevalent, incident, and recurrent cancers 4) evaluate the efficacy of the HPV16/18 prophylactic vaccine against extra-cervical infections