Socioemotional Functioning in Adulthood and Old Age

越来越多的证据表明，情绪的体验和调节在后期得到了很好的保持。 年的寿命，甚至可能改善。在这个竞争性的更新中，我们提出了七项研究， 探讨这种明显的发展转变的可能原因和后果。本实验室 收集了大量的证据，证明老年人处理情感信息的深度比他们自己更深。 非情绪信息，我们已经确定了一个可靠的模式，老年人参加，更好地 记住积极的（而不是消极的）信息。我们假设这些年龄差异可能反映了 有助于有效调节情绪的发展变化。在本继续申请中， 我们提出了几项研究，利用不同的方法，旨在获得更深入的了解， 行为，我们已经确定在早期的赠款年，并应用理论推导出的知识领域 具有很高的社会意义。在三项研究中，我们将比较年长和年轻的抑郁症患者，评估冥想者， 在释放强烈的情绪，并检查一个子样本的明显上级和下级 情绪调节器，以获得更深入和更全面的了解年龄和个人 有效情绪调节的差异。在另外三项研究中，我们将测试关于记忆的假设， 与健康有关的公益广告的正面或负面表述， 偏好的健康治疗作为一个功能的时间范围，以及如何指示，鼓励 对情绪的依赖可能会改善医疗保健决策。除了这些新的研究方向，我们 请求继续支持第四波情感体验纵向研究的数据收集 从1993年开始，以便从随时间变化的角度理解已查明的年龄差异。

There is increasing evidence that the experience and regulation of emotion is well-maintained in the later years of the life span, and may even improve. In this competing renewal, we propose seven studies that will address possible reasons for, and consequences of, this apparent developmental shift. Our laboratory has amassed considerable evidence that older people process emotional information more deeply than they do non-emotional information, and we have identified a reliable pattern in which older adults attend to and better remember positive (as opposed to negative) information. We postulate that these age differences may reflect developmental changes that contribute to the effective regulation of emotion. In this continuation application, we propose several studies utilizing diverse methodologies aimed at gaining a deeper understanding of the behavior we have identified in earlier grant years, and applying theoretically-derived knowledge to domains of high social significance. In three studies we will compare older and younger dysphorics, assess meditators schooled in the release of strong emotions, and examine a subsample of distinctively superior and inferior emotion regulators to obtain a deeper and more comprehensive understanding of age and individual differences in effective emotion regulation. In three other studies we will test hypotheses about memory for health-related public service announcements framed in either positive or negative terms, differences in preferences for health treatments as a function time horizons, and ways in which instructions that encourage reliance on emotion may improve health care decisions. In addition to these new research directions, we request continued support for a fourth wave of data collection in a longitudinal study of emotional experience begun in 1993, so that identified age differences can be understood in the context of change over time.