Innovative stem cell-based strategies to establish immune tolerance and tissue repair

自身免疫性胃炎、多发性硬化症和糖尿病等疾病的出现是因为流氓免疫系统转向内部攻击我们的器官。器官破坏是由免疫系统识别这些器官中的特定分子引起的。这些自身免疫性疾病是无法治愈的，主要通过长期服用抑制免疫系统的物质来控制，通常会产生严重的副作用。一个合理的方法是通过去除识别这些特定分子的细胞来使流氓免疫系统无害。这可以通过特洛伊木马方法来实现，其中分子被递送到免疫系统，使得识别它们的免疫细胞被去除。为了将这些分子传递到免疫系统，我们将对骨髓干细胞或产生这些干细胞的胚胎干细胞进行基因工程改造，因为它们是成熟免疫细胞的前体。器官移植的排斥反应也以类似的方式出现，也需要长期的免疫抑制。因此，可以采取类似的方法来促进对外来器官移植物的接受。在老年人中，我们将联合收割机与免疫系统的恢复相结合，通过阻断性类固醇的产生和-或通过创造一个新的免疫器官。

Diseases such as autoimmune gastritis, multiple sclerosis and diabetes arise because a rogue immune system has turned inwards to attack our organs. The organ destruction follows from recognition by the immune system of specific molecules in these organs. These autoimmune diseases are incurable and controlled mainly by long-term administration of substances that suppress the immune system, often with serious side-effects. A rational approach is to render the rogue immune system harmless by removing the cells that recognize these particular molecules. This can be achieved by a Trojan horse approach in which the molecules are delivered to the immune system such that that the immune cells that recognize them are removed. To deliver these molecules to the immune system we will genetically engineer bone marrow stem cells, or embryonic stem cells that generate these stem cells, because they are precursors of mature immune cells. Rejection of organ transplants arise in a similar way and also require long-term immunosuppression. A similar approach can therefore be taken to promote acceptance of foreign organ grafts. In the aged, we will combine these approaches with rejuvenation of the immune system by blockade of sex steroid production and-or by creation of a new immune organ.