Characterizing Prescription Drug Use in a Representative Sample of U.S. Drivers

描述(申请人提供)：毒品影响下驾驶(DUID)在美国已成为一个备受关注的问题。由我们在PERE的研究团队成员进行的2007年全国路边调查(NRS)发现，16.3%的司机被检测出合法和非法药物呈阳性，这些药物可能会损害驾驶。2011年国家药物管制战略随后将DUID列为其三大政策优先事项之一，并提出到2015年将DUID减少10%。尽管减少DUID的努力适用于服用任何具有损害潜力的药物的司机，包括处方药，但没有估计这些司机中有多少人正在服用合法处方的药物，这些司机中已被告知其药物的损害潜力的比例，以及他们在使用这些药物时感觉到的损害和/或被捕的风险。PERE已被美国国家公路交通安全管理局选中领导2013年NRS，这是一个绝佳的机会，可以在来自48个毗邻州的约9000名美国司机的全国代表性样本中，快速有效地填补与处方药相关的DUID方面的知识空白。具体地说，这份R21申请提出了一项对NRS的处方药调查补充，与NRS协议中已包括的药物的唾液测试结果一起，将有助于实现以下研究目标：目标1：对以下司机进行详细描述：(A)使用可能损害驾驶的处方药，(B)有他们正在服用的药物的处方，以及(C)服用超过处方的药物。我们将评估这三个类别的患病率，并检查性别、年龄、种族/民族、教育程度和收入以及驾驶行为、犯罪史和饮酒情况的差异。目标2：确定服用有损伤潜力的处方药的司机中，有多少人收到了来自其医疗保健提供者、药房工作人员或处方警告标签的关于受损驾驶的警告。与目标1一样，我们将研究收到这些警告与司机的人口统计和其他相关特征之间的联系。目标3：检查司机对处方药可能(A)损害一个人的驾驶能力，以及(B)增加 因驾驶受损而被逮捕的风险。这项研究的结果将被应用于干预措施的开发和测试，旨在确保使用具有损害潜力的处方药的司机了解他们选择驾驶的公共健康和法律影响。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Driving under the influence of drugs (DUID) has become an issue of intense concern in the United States. The 2007 National Roadside Survey (NRS), conducted by members of our research team at PIRE, found that 16.3% of drivers tested positive for drugs - both licit and illicit - that have the potential to impair driving. The 2011 National Drug Control Strategy subsequently cited DUID as one of its top three policy priorities and proposed to reduce DUID by 10% by 2015. Although efforts to reduce DUID apply to drivers taking any drug with impairment potential, including prescription drugs, there are no estimates of how many of these drivers are taking drugs that are legitimately prescribed, the proportion of these drivers who have been given information on the impairment potential of their medications, and their perceived risk of impairment and/or arrest while using these medications. PIRE has been chosen by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration to lead the 2013 NRS, presenting an outstanding opportunity to quickly and efficiently fill these gaps in knowledge regarding prescription drug-related DUID in a nationally representative sample of approximately 9,000 U.S. drivers from the 48 contiguous states. Specifically, this R21 application proposes a prescription drug survey supplement to the NRS that, along with the results of saliva testing for drugs already included in the NRS protocol, would facilitate fulfillment of the following research aims: Aim 1: Produce a detailed characterization of drivers who (a) use prescription medications that have the potential to impair driving, (b) have a prescription for the drug they are taking, an (c) take more of the drug than prescribed. We will estimate prevalence for these three categories and examine variation by gender, age, race/ethnicity, education, and income, as well as by driving behaviors, offense histories, and alcohol use. Aim 2: Determine how many of the drivers who took prescribed medications with impairment potential received a warning from their health care providers, pharmacy staff, or prescription warning labels regarding impaired driving. As with Aim 1, we will examine the association between receiving these warnings and drivers' demographics and other relevant characteristics. Aim 3: Examine drivers' perceptions regarding the likelihood that prescription drugs may (a) impair a person's ability to drive, and (b) increase the risk of arrest for impaired driving. The findings from this study will be applied to the development and testing of interventions designed to ensure that drivers who use prescription drugs with impairment potential understand both the public health and legal implications of their choice to drive.