Ethiopia-Emory TB Research Training Program

描述（由申请人提供）：结核病（TB）是埃塞俄比亚的一种突发公共卫生事件。艾滋病毒/结核病合并感染以及耐多药结核病的出现和蔓延对结核病控制提出了新的重大挑战。埃塞俄比亚是22个“高负担国家”之一，占全球结核病负担的80%以上，也是27个耐多药结核病高负担国家之一。埃塞俄比亚是世界上结核病负担第七高的国家，2010-2011年进行的首次基于人口的全国结核病流行率调查发现，87%的结核病患者以前未被发现。为了加强埃塞俄比亚和全球的结核病控制，需要新的工具（新药物、诊断方法和有效的疫苗）以及更好地实施和扩大现有工具。在埃塞俄比亚，改善结核病研究、治疗和控制的一个主要障碍是缺乏具有相关研究知识和专业知识的埃塞俄比亚科学家和卫生专业人员，无法开展国际公认的研究，从而可以改善埃塞俄比亚的公共卫生实践。这份题为“埃塞俄比亚-埃默里结核病研究培训计划（EETB-RTP）”的申请代表了亚特兰大埃默里大学与阿迪斯的三个埃塞俄比亚机构之间的合作，这三个机构有着密切的合作历史。埃塞俄比亚的机构包括一个国际知名的结核病调查研究所（Armauer-Hansen研究所[AHRI]），一所授予学位的大学（阿迪斯亚的斯亚贝巴大学[AAU]）是埃塞俄比亚历史最悠久、规模最大的大学，也是一所国家公共卫生机构。（埃塞俄比亚卫生和营养研究所[EHNRI]），它是埃塞俄比亚卫生部（MOH）的一部分，并为埃塞俄比亚MOH提供所有结核病实验室支持。与埃塞俄比亚疾病预防控制中心、亚特兰大疾病预防控制中心和PEPFAR的其他合作也将增加研究培训机会。EETB-RTP的重点是提供国内教学和指导研究培训，并建立人力资源能力，通过向具有杰出潜力的埃塞俄比亚研究人员提供长期，中期和短期研究培训和研究机会，加强埃塞俄比亚高质量结核病相关研究的研究基础设施。我们将通过使用信息技术（例如，视频会议），以利用埃默里临床研究科学硕士（MSCR）计划和亚特兰大临床和转化科学研究所（ACTSI，埃默里NIH资助的CTSA）开发的资源，并通过加强指导。为了增加多学科结核病相关研究和合作的机会，我们将重点关注与埃塞俄比亚主要公共卫生优先事项相关的研究培训一般主题，即加强结核病病例检测，包括耐药结核病。这一主题将强调不同类型的研究培训，包括实验室，临床/翻译，流行病学，实施科学和行为/社会科学。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Tuberculosis (TB) is a public health emergency in Ethiopia. HIV/TB co-infection and the emergence and spread of multidrug resistant (MDR)-TB present major new challenges to TB control. Ethiopia is one of the 22 "high burden countries" which account for >80% of the global burden of TB and one of 27 MDR-TB high burden countries. Ethiopia has the 7th highest burden of TB in the world and the first ever population-based national TB prevalence survey carried out in 2010-2011 found that 87% of those with culture-confirmed TB had not been previously detected. In order to enhance TB control in Ethiopia and globally, new tools are needed (new drugs, diagnostics and an effective vaccine) as well as better implementation and scale up of existing tools. A major barrier to improved research, treatment and control of TB in Ethiopia is the scarcity of Ethiopian scientists and health professionals with the relevant research knowledge and expertise to carry out internationally recognized research which can then be translated to improve public health practices in Ethiopia. This application entitled, "Ethiopia-Emory TB Research Training Program (EETB-RTP)" represents collaboration between Emory University in Atlanta and three Ethiopian institutions in Addis Ababa which have a history of close collaborations. The Ethiopian institutions include an internationally respected research institute focused on TB investigation (Armauer-Hansen Research Institute [AHRI]), a degree granting university (Addis Ababa University [AAU]) which is the oldest and largest university in Ethiopia, and a national public health institution (Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Institute [EHNRI]) which is part of the Ethiopia Ministry of Health (MOH), and provides all the TB laboratory support for the Ethiopian MOH. Additional collaborations with CDC-Ethiopia, CDC-Atlanta and PEPFAR will also enhance research training opportunities. The EETB-RTP is focused on providing in-country didactic and mentored research training and building human resource capacity to enhance the research infrastructure for high quality TB-related research in Ethiopia by providing long, medium and short-term research training and research opportunities to a diverse group of Ethiopian researchers with outstanding potential. We will augment training occurring in- country including that provided to our trainees through Master and PhD-degree programs at AAU by using information technology (e.g., video conferencing) in order to leverage resources developed by the Emory Master of Science in Clinical Research (MSCR) program and the Atlanta Clinical and Translational Science Institute (ACTSI, the Emory NIH-funded CTSA) and through enhanced mentoring. To enhance opportunities for multidisciplinary TB-related research and collaboration, we will focus on a general theme for research training that is tied to a major public health prioriy in Ethiopia, namely enhancing TB case detection including drug resistant TB. This theme will be emphasized for different types of research training including laboratory, clinical/translational, epidemiologic, implementation science, and behavioral/social science.