Does coercive process play a role in adolescent dating violence?

描述(由申请者提供)：青少年约会暴力令人震惊地普遍，并对公共健康造成重大损失。它表现出相当的稳定性，并可能变得更深 因成年而根深蒂固。鉴于这些困难，预防青少年约会暴力已经成为美国疾病控制与预防中心、美国国立卫生研究院和几位著名调查人员的关切。我们与几位同事一起提供了以下一组观察结果，这些观察结果勾勒出了手头的问题和我们认为需要做的研究：(1)学习如何预防约会暴力的“显然我们才刚刚开始”。严格的疗效试验一直很少见，有时产生了令人振奋的结果，但有时结果喜忧参半。我们需要做得更好。(2)将通过确定可以成为新的干预目标的可塑性危险因素来加强约会暴力的预防。(3)研究文献中有明确的迹象表明，青春期夫妇的关系动态是约会暴力的重要因素。然而，该领域才刚刚开始理解这些动态是什么。(4)我们认为，支持约会暴力的额外关系动态的发现，最终很可能会导致加强干预措施，以防止约会暴力。因此，我们提议对纽约市100对14至18岁的约会夫妇进行一项观察性[纵向]研究，以检验这样一种假设，即一些青少年夫妇可能无意中为彼此提供了敌对行为的“基本训练”，最终导致暴力。这一假说源于杰拉尔德·帕特森及其同事的开创性工作，他们展示了这种“强制过程”在解释导致儿童攻击性的亲子关系和兄弟姐妹关系方面的力量。虽然一些人假设了强迫过程在青少年夫妇约会暴力中的作用，但该模型尚未得到直接测试。为了评估胁迫在青少年约会暴力中的作用，我们打算将我们团队在亲密暴力、夫妻观察和发展方面的专业知识应用于以下目标的执行：目标1：测试胁迫模型的基本“基本训练”前提--厌恶和非厌恶行为的发生与其终止冲突的有效性有关。我们假设，在终止冲突方面更有效的行为将以更高的速度进行。如果厌恶行为比非厌恶行为更有效，它将以比例更高的速度进行；反之亦然。目的2：检验强迫过程和约会暴力之间的联系。我们假设，在终止冲突方面，厌恶行为比非厌恶行为更有效的夫妇中的暴力行为将会增加[和/或增加]，并且在冲突期间表现出更高的互惠率。目的3：确定以前确定的其他风险因素(如反社会、家庭暴力)是否通过其对胁迫的影响来解释约会暴力，或者胁迫是否独立于这些因素的影响来解释约会暴力的[水平和/或变化]。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Adolescent dating violence is alarmingly common and exacts a substantial toll on public health. It exhibits substantial stability and may become deeply entrenched by adulthood. Given these difficulties, the prevention of adolescent dating violence has become a concern of the CDC, NIH, and several noted investigators. We, in concert with several colleagues, offer the following set of observations, which frame the problem at hand and the research that we believe needs to be done: (1) "Clearly we've only just begun" to learn how to pre- vent dating violence. Rigorous efficacy trials have been rare and have produced sometimes promising but sometimes mixed results. We need to do better. (2) Dating violence prevention would be enhanced by the identification of malleable risk factors that can become new intervention targets. (3) There are clear indications in the research literature that adolescent couples' relationship dynamics are important factors in dating violence. However, the field is just beginning to understand what those dynamics are. (4) We believe it highly likely that the discovery of additional relationship dynamics that undergird dating violence will ultimately lead to enhanced interventions to prevent it. Accordingly, we are proposing an observational [longitudinal] study of 100 New York City 14- to 18-year- old dating couples in order to test the hypothesis that some adolescent couples may inadvertently provide one another with "basic training" in hostile behavior, ultimately leading to violence. This hypothesis stems from Gerald Patterson and colleagues' groundbreaking work showing the power of such "coercive processes" in explaining parent-child and sibling dynamics that contribute to child aggression. While some have hypothesized the role of coercive process in adolescent couples' dating violence, the model has yet to be directly tested. To evaluate the role of coercion in youth dating violence, we intend to apply our team's expertise in intimate violence, couples observation, and development to the execution of the following aims: Aim 1: Test the fundamental "basic training" premise of the coercion model - that the occurrence of aversive and non-aversive behaviors is tied to their effectiveness in terminating conflict. We hypothesize that behaviors more effective in terminating conflict will be performed at a higher rate. If aversie behavior is more effective than non-aversive behavior, it will be performed at a proportionally higher rate; and vice versa. ¿ Aim 2: Test the association of coercive process and dating violence. We hypothesize that violence will be elevated [and/or increasing] in couples for whom aversive behaviors are proportionally more effective than non-aversive ones in terminating conflict, and show higher rates of reciprocation during conflict. ¿ Aim 3: Determine whether other previously identified risk factors (e.g., anti-sociality, family violence) explain dating violence via their impact on coercion, or whether coercion explains [levels and/or change in] dating violence independent of these factors' influences.