Family Exchanges Study II

描述（由申请人提供）：由于美国的文化传统，政府对年轻人的援助有限，以及对老年人的服务存在差距，家庭关系是支持的主要来源。提供和接受支持的奖励和要求可能对每个家庭成员的幸福产生深远的影响。本研究将从家庭交流研究（NIA R01AG027769）中收集第二波数据，该研究在2008年访问了633名中年人、他们的成年子女（n = 592）、年迈的父母（n = 377）和成年子女的父母（n = 197），了解他们的关系和支持交换。超过36%的参与者被认定为少数民族。FES2将提供一个前所未有的机会来研究家庭交换随时间的变化、影响交换的因素以及交换对个人身心健康的影响。目标1)描述和解释支持的变化和连续性。FES2将检查可变性，并确定导致支持随时间变化的因素。家庭支持可能会因个别家庭成员生活中的事件或更大的社会背景而改变。FES的多报告者设计将阐明对一个家庭成员的支持变化如何影响其他家庭成员的支持。目标2)评估随着时间的推移接受支持的影响。在FES1中，许多人得到了相当多的支持，但我们对长期接受支持的后果知之甚少。我们将评估FES1的支持对不同家庭成员在FES2中产生积极结果或阻止消极结果的有效性。目的3)检查提供支持的含义家庭支持。我们解决了文献中的一个基本矛盾：提供家庭支持对幸福是有益还是有害。FES1记录了被评估为有压力或有回报的帮助情况。FES2将开始建立在不同条件下提供帮助与个人身心健康之间的联系。数据收集将提供关于成年子女与父母之间的日常互动以及与压力相关的唾液激素（即脱氢表雄酮和皮质醇）的独特信息。大多数年轻人和他们的父母经常接触，FES2将是第一个检查他们日常互动的人。二元数据将提供洞察，了解双方的日常生活如何影响对方，以及日常互动如何适应更广泛的关系模式。这些激素可能为有关关系质量的含义和在压力与奖励环境下支持交换的理论提供生理证据。总之，FES2将允许从不同样本中多个家庭成员的角度对家庭内部和家庭之间的支持交换进行前所未有的纵向检查。亲子关系对人的一生影响很大，对人的身心健康和死亡率都有很大影响。这项研究对改善家庭内部的支持模式和关系，从而改善个人健康和福祉具有潜在的实际意义。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Due to cultural traditions, limited government assistance for young adults, and gaps in services for elderly adults in the US, family ties are a mainstay of support. Rewards and demands of providing and receiving support may have profound effects on each family member's well-being. The proposed study will collect a second wave of data from Family Exchanges Study (NIA R01AG027769) which interviewed 633 middle-aged adults, their grown children (n = 592), aging parents (n = 377) and spouses who were parents of the grown children (n = 197) about their relationships and exchanges of support in 2008. Over 36% of participants identified as racial minority. FES2 will provide an unprecedented opportunity to examine family exchanges over time, factors that influence exchanges, and implications of exchanges for individual physical and psychological health. Aim 1) Describe and explain changes and continuity in support. FES2 will examine variability and identify factors that elicit changes in support over time. Family support may alter due to events in individual family members' lives or in the larger social context. The multi-reporter design of FES will illuminate how changes in support to one family member affect support of other family members. Aim 2) Assess repercussions of receiving support over time. In FES1, many individuals received considerable support, but we know little about consequences of receiving support over time. We will assess effectiveness of support at FES1 in eliciting positive outcomes or deterring negative outcomes in FES2 for different family members. Aim 3) Examine implications of providing support family support. We address a fundamental contradiction in the literature: whether providing family support is beneficial or detrimental to well-being. FES1 captured helping situations appraised as either stressful or rewarding. FES2 will begin to establish links between providing help under different conditions and individual physical and psychological health. A data collection burst will provide unique information regarding daily interactions between grown children and their parents as well as salivary hormones associated with stress (i.e., DHEA and cortisol). Most young adults and their parents report frequent contact and FES2 will be the first to examine their daily interactions. The dyadic data will provide insights into how each party's daily life affects the other and how daily interactions fit into broader relationship patterns. The hormones may provide physiological evidence for theories regarding implications of relationship qualities and support exchanges under stressful versus rewarding circumstances. In sum, FES2 will allow an unprecedented longitudinal examination of support exchanges within and between families from perspectives of multiple family members in a diverse sample. The parent-child tie is highly influential throughout life and has a large impact on psychological and physical health and mortality. This study has potential practical implications for improving support patterns and relationships within families and thus, individual health and well-being.