The Safety of Strontium Chloride as a Skeletal Marking Agent for Pacific Salmon

项目总结/摘要 该项目解决了替代标记方法的需要，以取代潜在的损失， 土霉素作为批准的鱼类标记化合物。这项研究意义重大，因为耳石 标记已被证明是确定公海个别鱼类孵化场来源的有效工具， 沿海沃茨，以及地球仪周围的湖泊和河流。这项研究将测试鱼是否浸泡在 氯化锶六水合物的三倍的标准时间（24小时）和一，三和五 倍的标准浓度（3000 ppm）将显示不良体征、死亡、大体或组织学 病变六水合氯化锶的靶动物安全性研究将与Pacific合作进行 炸鲑鱼。基于文献综述，六水氯化锶似乎是一种理想的化学品 mark.该项目将提供所需的安全数据，以支持批准新的标记化合物， 氯化锶六水合物本申请解决了开发替代的、可靠的 以及标记孵化场饲养的鲑鱼以及其他养殖鱼类的耳石的成本效益方法 物种鱼用耳石来保持平衡、定位和探测声音。它们的功能类似于 哺乳动物的内耳。化学标记涉及将生物稀有元素或化合物 这是一种标记大量小鱼的有效方法。耳石的环状结构 可以为渔业生物学家提供有关个体年龄，生长速度和环境的信息。 耳石还提供有关生活史，招聘和分类学的信息，这就是为什么它们被广泛使用的原因。 用于渔业管理。标记鱼允许管理人员确定是否放养的鱼是有助于 招聘六水氯化锶的优点包括100%的有效性， 曝光时间、孵化后任何时间产生持久标记以及合理的成本。

Project Summary / Abstract This project addresses the need for alternative marking methods to replace the potential loss of oxytetracycline as an approved marking compound for fish. This study is significant because otolith marking has proven to be an effective tool to determine the hatchery origin of individual fish in high seas, coastal waters, and the lakes and rivers around the globe. This study will test whether fish immersed in strontium chloride hexahydrate for three times the standard duration (24 hours) and one, three and five times the standard concentration (3000 ppm) will show adverse signs, mortalities, gross or histological lesions. The target animal safety study of strontium chloride hexahydrate will be conducted with Pacific salmon fry. Based on a literature review, strontium chloride hexahydrate appears to be an ideal chemical mark. This project will provide needed safety data to support approval for a new marking compound, strontium chloride hexahydrate. The current application addresses the need to develop alternative, reliable, and cost-effective methods of marking otoliths in hatchery-raised salmonids as well as other cultured fish species. Otoliths are used by fish for balance, orientation and sound detection. They function similarly to the inner ear of mammals. Chemical marking involves incorporating biologically rare elements or compounds into body tissues and is an efficient means of marking large numbers of small fish. An otolith's ring structure can provide fisheries biologists with information about an individual's age, growth rate, and environment. Otoliths also supply information on life history, recruitment, and taxonomy, which are why they are widely used in fisheries management. Marking fish allows managers to determine if stocked fish are contributing to recruitment. The advantages of strontium chloride hexahydrate include 100% effectiveness, relatively short exposure times, generation of long lasting marks any time after hatch, and reasonable costs.