Form and Motion Integration

描述（由申请人提供）：对运动和双眼线索的敏感性都具有重要的适应意义。虽然单个单位的研究提供了详细的信息，在个别皮层区域的方向选择性和双目的时空动态和人类功能磁共振成像研究映射缓慢的血流动力学反应在多个人类视觉领域，这两种方法都没有提供这些网络的功能动力学分析。我们已经开发了基于EEG的源成像和信号分析工具，我们将使用这些工具来开发整个皮层的运动处理和双眼相互作用的预测动力学模型，其空间分辨率为2 cm或更小。范围明显的运动，并绘制其产生的网站。方向特定的适应将用于确认哪些响应分量是由于运动机制。我们还将改变观察者的任务，以确定自上而下（反馈）的影响程度明显的运动处理。将使用一个可感知的视运动刺激来比较在感知到视运动时和未感知到视运动时发作期间的反应。在目标2中，我们将应用EEG源成像的最新技术发展来研究两到六个月大的典型发育中的人类婴儿的纹外皮层的运动反应。这些数据将用于测试运动处理模型，并确定快速发展的时期。在目标3中，我们将研究斜视/弱视患者的完整运动处理和功能性双眼相互作用之间的关系。在这三个目标中，四个独立的标准（皮层轨迹，发育分离，对注意力的依赖和非线性相互作用的模式）将被用来提供关于存在多个运动处理子系统的收敛证据，正如精神病学家所预测的那样。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Sensitivity to motion and binocular cues are both of vital adaptive significance. While single unit studies have provided detailed information on the spatio-temporal dynamics of direction-selectivity and binocularity in individual cortical areas and human fMRI studies have mapped slow hemodynamic responses in multiple human visual areas, neither approach provides an analysis of the functional dynamics of these networks. We have developed EEG-based source-imaging and signal analysis tools that we will use to develop predictive dynamical models of motion processing and binocular interaction throughout cortex at a spatial resolution that is on the order of 2 cm or less. In Aim 1 we will use EEG-source imaging and perceptual measurements to compare the functional form of spatio-temporal interactions underlying long- versus short-range apparent motion and to map their sites of generation. Direction-specific adaptation will be used to confirm which response components are due to motion mechanisms. We will also vary the observer's task in order to determine the extent of top-down (feedback) influences on apparent motion processing. A bistable apparent motion stimulus will be used to compare responses during episodes when apparent motion is perceived to when it is not. In Aim 2 we will apply recent technical developments in EEG source-imaging to the study of motion responses in the extra-striate cortex of typically developing humans infants between two and six months of age. These data will be used to test models of motion processing and to identify periods of rapid development. In Aim 3 we will study the relationship between intact motion processing and functional binocular interaction in patients with strabismus/amblyopia. Across the three Aims, four independent criteria (cortical locus, developmental dissociation, dependence on attention and pattern of non-linear interaction) will be used to provide converging evidence regarding the existence of multiple motion processing sub-systems as predicted by psychophysicists.