Measurement of International Differences in Well-Being

描述（由申请人提供）：主观幸福感研究的一个主要推动力是政策如何影响一个国家内主观幸福感的分布。了解政策效果的自然方法是比较各国的政策，并将这些政策与观察到的福祉差异联系起来。大多数关于幸福感的国际比较工作都是基于全球满意度测量，比如单个问题，邀请受访者用数字或语言量表来评价他们的幸福感。这项工作产生了很多相互矛盾的发现。最近，体验幸福感被提议作为另一种衡量标准。衡量幸福的两种方法原则上都容易受到差异项目功能的影响，特别是在用于比较不同国家时。我们建议对不同福祉指标的特性进行全面分析，特别是如何使用锚定小插曲来提高不同人口群体和国家之间福祉指标的可比性。为此，我们将在两个具有人口代表性的互联网小组中进行几项实验：美国的美国生活小组（ALP）和荷兰的社会科学纵向互联网研究小组（LISS）。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): A major impulse for the study of subjective well-being has been the question how policy affects the distribution of subjective well-being within a country. A natural approach to learning about policy effects is to compare policies across countries and relate these to observed differences in well-being. Most of the work on international comparisons of well-being has been based on global satisfaction measures, like single questions inviting respondents to rate their happiness on a numerical or verbal scale. This work has produced widely conflicting findings. More recently, experienced well-being has been proposed as an alternative measure. Both approaches to the measurement of well-being are in principle vulnerable to Differential Item Functioning, particularly when used to compare different countries. We propose a thorough analysis of the properties of the different well-being measures and in particular how anchoring vignettes can be used to improve the comparability of well-being measures across population groups and across countries. To that end we will conduct several experiments in two population representative Internet panels: the American Life Panel (ALP) in the U.S. and the Longitudinal Internet Studies for the Social sciences (LISS) panel in The Netherlands.