Development of a High Performance Bioprocess for Eliminating 1,4-Dioxane in Water

项目摘要/摘要 在美国各地，自来水供应商和管理人员发现，水中的1，4-二恶烷含量达到危险水平。 这种化合物已经在广泛的应用中使用了几十年，包括作为(1)涂料中的溶剂， 清漆和印花；(2)人造革处理剂；(3)杀虫剂和熏蒸剂的成分；(4) 药品中的净化剂；(5)树脂、油、塑料、粘合剂、蜡和水泥中的溶剂。 1，4-二恶烷在水中的含量极低(十亿分之一)，可能是一种人类致癌物质。它是高度的 易溶，因此可在水中广泛传播。最重要的是，很少有传统的水处理技术 可以去除水中的1，4-二恶烷。目前只有两种方法可以消除水中的1，4-二恶烷：UV 或过氧化氢结合臭氧氧化(即高级氧化)和生物降解。这个 紫外线和化学氧化过程的能源和化学成本往往高得令人望而却步。还有一个 产生有害副产品(如致癌的溴酸盐)的巨大风险，这些技术具有 在某些情况下的适用性有限，例如高水平的无机盐。 生物降解也有一些缺点，包括工艺稳定性、需要 导致降解、性能受限、堵塞、性能敏感性和产生污泥或 二次废流。然而，如果这些问题能够被克服，生物治疗提供了一种 有希望将1，4-二恶烷完全降解成无害产品，保护公众健康。 此第二阶段演示方案基于成功的第一阶段结果，显示了新的 生物学方法。在第一阶段，设计并测试了一种降解1，4-二恶烷的技术 不需要预先诱导，可以使用一种新的高性能生物工艺。原型机 在第一阶段工作中开发的项目将在实际受污染的地点进行规模和试点。飞行员将寻求 建立新技术的性能和运行参数，评估长期和可持续发展 操作和地址参数，以进行技术经济分析。 这一第二阶段工作的主要成果将是展示和全面描述这类第一个项目 去除水资源中1，4-二恶烷的高效生物工艺。这项技术的预期价值 该方案具有操作简单、降解快速有效、适用范围广等特点 与现有方法相比，来源、可靠的性能和更低的总体成本，尤其是化学方法 氧化。最重要的是，第二阶段资金将为保护和补救提供宝贵的工具。 饮用水供应，从而保障公共和安全以及世代环境的可持续性 来吧。

Project Summary / Abstract Across the United States, water suppliers and managers are finding dangerous levels of 1,4-dioxane in water. This compound has been used for decades in a wide range of applications including as (1) a solvent in paints, varnishes, and prints; (2) treatment agent in artificial leather; (3) ingredient in pesticides and fumigants; (4) purifying agent in pharmaceuticals; and (5) solvent in resins, oils, plastics, adhesives, waxes, and cement. 1,4-dioxane is a probable human carcinogen at extremely low levels in water (parts-per-billion). It is highly soluble and thus travels extensively in water. Most importantly, few conventional water treatment technologies can remove 1,4-dioxane from water. There are only two current routes of eliminating 1,4-dioxane in water: UV or hydrogen peroxide coupled with ozone oxidation (i.e. advanced oxidation), and biological degradation. The energy and chemical costs of UV and chemical oxidation processes are often prohibitively high. There is also a significant risk of producing harmful by-products (such as carcinogenic bromate) and these technologies have limited applicability in certain circumstances such as high levels of inorganic salts. Biological degradation alternatively suffers from a number of drawbacks, including process stability, the need to induce degradation, limited performance, clogging, performance sensitivity, and the production of sludge or secondary waste streams. If these problems can be overcome, however, biological treatment offers a promising method of completely degrading 1,4-dioxane into harmless products and protecting public health. This Phase II demonstration proposal is based on successful Phase I results showing the feasibility of a new biological approach. In Phase I, a technology was designed and tested for 1,4-dioxane degradation that does not require pre-induction and can be applied using a new high performance bioprocess. The prototype developed in the Phase I work will be scaled and piloted at an actual contaminated site. The pilot will seek to establish performance and operational parameters of the new technology, evaluate long-term and sustainable operation, and address parameters informing a technoeconomic analysis. The major outcome of this Phase II effort will be the demonstration and full characterization of a first-of-its-kind high performance bioprocess for eliminating 1,4-dioxane in water resources. The technology's intended value proposition includes simple operation, rapid and effective degradation, wide applicability to a range of water sources, reliable performance, and lower overall costs compared to existing methods, especially chemical oxidation. Most importantly, the Phase II funding will provide a valuable tool for protecting and remediating drinking water supplies, thus safeguarding public and safety, and environmental sustainability for generations to come.