Social Ties and Health: Aggregating Data from Five Viral-Challenge Trials

描述（由申请人提供）：该拟议项目计划制作、记录和存档一个数据库，该数据库结合了来自5项前瞻性病毒挑战研究（9种不同病毒）的最终研究数据，重点是检查心理社会因素在普通感冒易感性中的作用。在这些独特的研究中，对18-55岁的健康成年人进行了假设的预测和中介变量评估，然后实验性地暴露于导致普通感冒的病毒，并监测感染的发展以及疾病的体征和症状。临床疾病（在40%的志愿者中发现）被定义为感染并表现出疾病的体征和症状。这种设计允许确定给定研究中感兴趣的变量（例如，压力、个性）预测了病毒暴露后谁会患上临床感冒。合并这5项研究的数据，可以在两项或多项研究中重复分析，或将任何或所有研究的数据联合收割机组合起来，从而有足够的能力检测小的影响和复杂的中介和适度测试。该提案的第一个目的是利用综合数据解决有关社会关系在健康中的作用的重要问题。社会关系的数量和质量在基线时使用问卷调查和6-14天的日常访谈进行评估。将对汇总数据集进行分析，以帮助确定（1）对健康最重要的社会关系类型;（2）将不同类型的社会关系与健康联系起来的独特机制;（3）可能有助于干预的社会关系组成部分;以及（4）使他们或多或少对社会关系的影响作出反应的个人特征。第二，除了这些研究目的之外，本申请的一个主要目的是将这5项研究的综合数据传播给更广泛的科学界。虽然每项研究都旨在解决一组特定的假设，但在多达1，400名参与者的多项研究中收集了许多变量。这些包括：标准控制变量/协变量（例如，年龄、性别、种族、体重、季节和针对攻击病毒的特异性抗体滴度）;预测变量和中介变量，例如社会关系、压力、个性、情感、社会经济地位、健康实践、局部细胞因子应答和内分泌水平的测量;以及疾病（感冒）的评估，包括病毒相关的生物学和症状/体征结果。其他研究中常见的结果包括基础血压、心率和肺功能。个别研究还包括生物老化的标志物和急性应激反应的评估。这些独特而有价值的数据可以用来解决我们研究目标之外的许多问题。创建一个集中的和公开的在线数据存储库将立即产生最大限度地提高其对科学界的价值的效果。从长远来看，从这些数据中得出的结果可能会提供对可能的替代干预目标的深入了解，这些目标通常不会使用传统的医疗技术来解决。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This proposed project plans to produce, document and archive a data repository that combines final research data from 5 prospective viral-challenge studies (9 different viruses) focused on examining the roles of psychosocial factors in susceptibility to the common cold. In these unique studies, hypothesized predictor and mediating variables were assessed in healthy adults aged 18-55 years, who were then experimentally exposed to a virus that causes the common cold and monitored for development of infection and signs and symptoms of illness. Clinical illness (found in 40% of volunteers) was defined as both being infected and expressing signs and symptoms of disease. This design allowed the determination of whether variables of interest in a given study (e.g., stress, personality) predicted who developed a clinical cold following viral exposure. Merging the data from these 5 studies provides the opportunity to replicate analyses across two or more of the studies or combine data from any or all of the studies, allowing adequate power for detection of small effects and sophisticated tests of mediation and moderation. The first aim of this proposal is to use the combined data to address important questions about the role of social relationships in health. Both the quantity and quality of social relationships were assessed at baseline using both questionnaires and daily interviews over 6-14 days. Analysis of the aggregated dataset will be conducted to help identify (1) the types of social ties that matter most for health; (2) the unique mechanisms linking different types of social ties to health; (3) components of social relationships likely to be conducive to intervention; and (4) characteristics of individuals that make them more or less responsive to the influences of social ties. Second, in addition to these research aims, a major thrust of this application is to disseminate the combined data from these 5 studies to the broader scientific community. Although each study was designed to address a specific set of hypotheses, many variables were collected across the multiple studies in up to 1,400 participants. These included: standard control variables/covariates (e.g., age, sex, race, body mass, season, and specific antibody titer to the challenge virus); predictor and mediator variables such as measures of social relationships, stress, personality, affect, socioeconomic status, health practices, local cytokine response, and endocrine levels; and assessment of illness (colds) including viral-related biology and symptom/sign outcomes. Other outcomes common across studies included basal blood pressure, heart rate, and pulmonary function. Individual studies also included markers of biological aging and assessments of acute stress response. These unique and valuable data could be used to address numerous questions beyond those included in our research aims. Creating a centralized and publicly available online data repository will have the immediate effect of maximizing their worth to the scientific community. In the long term, findings derived from these data may provide insight into possible alternative targets for intervention that typically are not addressed using conventional medical techniques.