Reconstructions and Representations of Cerebral Cortex

描述(申请人提供)：这个项目将产生关于人类和非人类灵长类动物大脑皮层的组织、连通性和进化关系的广泛新发现。它还将通过建立一个方便用户使用的数据库来传播成果，该数据库可随时获取高分辨率地图集、参考数据和经过广泛处理的已出版数据集。这将使调查人员能够将他们的结果与参考数据进行比较，并提供一个分享他们自己的结果的平台。综上所述，这些努力将加快了解人类大脑回路在健康和疾病方面的进展。第一个目标是获得更准确的猕猴解剖连通性地图，并将解剖连通性与基于扩散成像MRI扫描间接估计连通性的纤维束成像方法进行比较。现有的数据集，包括数字化组织切片上绘制的数十次逆行示踪剂注射，将被映射到高分辨率 猕猴地图集。这将以前所未有的精确度生成“地面真相”神经解剖学连接的量化地图。将基于示踪剂的地图与应用于死后猕猴大脑的纤维束造影术的结果进行比较，将提供对纤维束造影术估计解剖连接强度的程度的客观分析。第二个目标是将人类的皮质组织和连通性与猕猴和我们最接近的近亲黑猩猩进行比较。物种间基于表面的配准将被用来评估皮质区域之间的候选进化同源性，并比较猕猴和人类之间的连接模式。黑猩猩的大脑皮质将与人类和猕猴的大脑皮质进行比较，使用髓鞘地图作为皮质结构的共同标志。这些分析将更好地描述人类谱系中快速进化扩张的区域。第三个目标将建立并帮助建立一个新的数据库，即空间地图和地图集大脑分析图书馆(BALSA)。BALSA将包括一个精选的、最新的参考数据储存库，准确地映射到地图集表面和体积，以及一个图书馆，用于分享与作者自愿提交的已发表研究相关的广泛分析的数据集。BALSA将具有用户友好的功能，使数据上传变得容易，并促进浏览、搜索、基于网络的可视化和下载感兴趣的数据集。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This project will generate extensive new findings about the organization, connectivity, and evolutionary relationships of cerebral cortex in humans and nonhuman primates. It will also disseminate the results by establishing a user-friendly database that provides ready access to high-resolution atlases, reference data, and extensively processed published datasets. This will enable investigators to compare their results with the reference data and provide a platform to share their own results. Taken together, these efforts will accelerate progress in understanding human brain circuits in health and disease. The first aim is to obtain more accurate maps of anatomical connectivity in the macaque monkey and to compare anatomical connectivity with tractography methods that indirectly estimate connectivity based on diffusion imaging MRI scans. An existing dataset, involving dozens of retrograde tracer injections charted on digitized histological sections, will be mapped onto a high-resolution macaque atlas. This will yield quantitative maps of 'ground truth' neuroanatomical connectivity with unprecedented accuracy. Comparing tracer-based maps with results from tractography applied to postmortem macaque brains, will provide an objective analysis of how well tractography estimates anatomical connection strengths. The second aim will compare cortical organization and connectivity in humans to that in the macaque monkey and also our closest living relative, the chimpanzee. Surface-based registration between species will be used to evaluate candidate evolutionary homologies between cortical areas and to compare connectivity patterns between macaque and human. Chimpanzee cortex will be compared to human and macaque cortex using myelin maps as a common marker of cortical architecture. These analyses will better characterize regions of rapid evolutionary expansion in the human lineage. The third aim will establish and help populate a new database, the Brain Analysis Library of Spatial maps and Atlases (BALSA). BALSA will include a curated, up-to-date repository of reference data accurately mapped to atlas surfaces and volumes, plus a library for sharing extensively analyzed datasets associated with published studies, as voluntarily submitted by authors. BALSA will have user-friendly features that enable easy data uploading and facilitate browsing, searching, web-based visualization, and downloading datasets of interest.