The Relationships Between Vortices, Acoustics, and Vibration in Vocal Fold Asymmetries

 描述（由申请人提供）：单侧声带麻痹（UVFP）可表现为膜襞左右位置、声带高度、长度、张力和杓状软骨位置的结构不对称。如何恢复最佳的发声功能，在外科手术上经常存在争议。在我们之前的R01中的工作表明，在关闭期间，在发散声门的上级方面形成涡流，并且与流速的变化相关，例如更大的流量偏斜（以前认为仅由声道惯性增加引起），并且对响度和可懂度产生有利影响。因此，我们假设更好地了解这些漩涡，以及它们对流速和声学的影响，将开辟一个新的范例，以评估和设计新的手术干预单侧瘫痪和其他条件下具有结构不对称。到目前为止，我们的研究结果是基于二维（2D）的测量，而声门内的几何形状和流速的变化，在所有的三维（3D）。我们的技术从2D扩展到3D将允许完成以下特定目标：特定目标1。使用计算和切除的犬喉模型的组合，在以下模型中表征声道惯性、声门内涡流和组织弹性对褶皱的内侧表面动力学、声门出口处的体积流速和声学的影响：1A.切除的犬喉，声带长度、高度和硬度相对对称。1B.犬喉切除术后声带长度、高度和硬度不对称。1C.具有不同植入物形状和声门下内侧化程度的I型甲状腺成形术的离体犬喉。1D.切除犬喉，行I型甲状腺成形术伴或不伴杓状软骨内收。具体目标2。在具有机械声道的离体犬喉模型中，使用体积粒子成像测速法直接在声门出口处测量体积流速，并使用反向滤波在口腔处间接测量体积流速。

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP) can present with structural asymmetries in left-right position of the membranous folds, vocal fold height, length, tension, and arytenoid position. Surgically there is often controversy on how to restore optimal vocal function. Work in our previous R01 showed vortices form in the superior aspect of the divergent glottis during closing, and are associated with changes in the flow rate such as greater flow skewing (previously thought to be only caused by increased vocal tract inertance), and with favorable effects on loudness and intelligibility. Thus we hypothesize a better understanding of these vortices, and their effect on flow rate and acoustics, will open up a new paradigm to evaluate and design new surgical interventions for unilateral paralysis and other conditions featuring structural asymmetries. So far our findings are based on two-dimensional (2D) measurements whereas intraglottal geometry and flow rate change in all three-dimensions (3D). The extention of our technique from 2D to 3D will allow completion of the following specific aims: Specific Aim 1. Using a combination of computational and excised canine larynx models, characterize the effects of vocal tract inertance, intraglottal vortices and tissue elasticity on te medial surface dynamics of the folds, volumetric flow rate at the glottal exit, and acoustics in th following models: 1A. Excised canine larynx with relative symmetry in vocal fold length, height, and stiffness. 1B. Excised canine larynx with asymmetries in vocal fold length, height, and stiffness. 1C. Excised canine larynges that have a Thyroplasty Type I with various implant shapes and degrees of infraglottal medialization. 1D. Excised canine larynges that have Thyroplasty Type I with and without arytenoid adduction. Specific Aim 2. Volumetric flow rate will be measured directly at the glottal exit using volumetric particle imaging velocimetry and indirectly at the mouth using inverse filtering in an excised canine larynx model with a mechanical vocal tract.