HPV and cancer at multiple anatomic sites

人乳头瘤病毒是已知引起人类癌症的主要传染因子之一;据估计，全世界约5%的癌症可归因于HPV感染。 虽然HPV是宫颈癌的必要原因，但世界专家一致认为，对于HPV基因型中最致癌的HPV 16，数据显示在宫颈外的癌症中起因果作用，包括外阴，阴道，阴茎和肛门，以及口咽部的一些头颈部肿瘤。 其他癌症假设与HPV感染有关，但尚未显示因果关系，包括口腔癌，喉癌，结膜癌，以及皮肤HPV类型的皮肤癌。 为此，IIB内部的大量研究集中在HPV感染在宫颈外部位癌症中的作用。 我们有许多正在进行的研究，其目的是：1）评价非宫颈部位HPV感染的自然史2）确定这些部位肿瘤中HPV感染的患病率和生物活性3）评估HPV感染与宫颈外流行、偶发和复发性癌症风险之间的前瞻性关联4）评价HPV 16/18预防性疫苗对宫颈外感染的有效性

Human papillomaviruses are one of the principal infectious agents known to cause cancers in humans; it is estimated that approximately 5% of cancers worldwide are attributable to HPV infection. While it is well established that HPV is a necessary cause of cervical cancer, world experts agree that for HPV16, the most carcinogenic of the HPV genotypes, data show a causal role in cancers outside the cervix, including the vulva, vagina, penis, and anus, and some head and neck tumors in the oropharynx. Other cancers hypothesized to be related to HPV infection, but for which a causal association has yet to be shown, include cancers of the oral cavity, larynx, conjunctiva, and, for cutaneous HPV types, skin. To that end, considerable research within the IIB focuses on the role of HPV infection in cancer at extra-cervical sites. We have many on-going studies whose aims are to:1) evaluate the natural history of HPV infections at non-cervical sites 2) determine the prevalence and biologic activity of HPV infection in tumors from these sites3) assess the prospective association between HPV infection and risk of extra-cervical prevalent, incident, and recurrent cancers 4) evaluate the efficacy of the HPV16/18 prophylactic vaccine against extra-cervical infections