Epidemiology of Malaria

项目随附资料（见说明）： 目前，由于国际社会努力消除疟疾，撒哈拉以南非洲正在实施各种疟疾控制战略。然而，这些干预措施并没有很好地整合，并且通常正确使用率很低。该项目的总体目标是，通过评估在不同流行病学条件下特定疟疾控制技术的各种组合的有效性，以及通过评估疟疾控制对生物结果（例如，抗药性寄生虫种群、疟疾病例的临床表现、先天免疫反应模式、病媒对杀虫剂的抗药性或不同的 向量行为的模式）。第一个具体目标是满足以下四个不同生态环境中恶性疟原虫感染和疟疾疾病负担与传播风险的基线数据需求：冈比亚（低季节性传播）、马里（灌溉区和苏丹草原）和塞内加尔（城市环境）。 具体目标2：采用不同的方法组合，评估目前正在进行的疟疾控制工作的影响。将优化、执行和监测疟疾综合控制战略，以提供证据证明现行疟疾控制战略的影响。最后，随着成功的疟疾控制策略逐渐走向消除，目标3在综合疟疾控制计划的背景下调查妊娠和儿童感染与疾病之间的关系。该项目不仅有助于提供可信的证据，证明正在评估的疟疾综合控制战略的影响，而且还有助于发现任何新出现的杀虫剂或药物抗药性，并及时调整战略。

PROJECT SUIVIMARY (See instructions): Currently, they are a variety of malaria control strategies being implemented in sub-Sahara Africa as result of international community effort to eliminate malaria. However, these interventions are not well Integrated and often experience low rate of correct usage. The overall goal of this project is to enable operational program managers to achieve optimal implementation of malaria control techniques, by assessing the effectiveness of various combinations of specific malaria control techniques under different epidemiological conditions, and by assessing the effects of malaria control on biological outcomes (e.g. drug resistant parasite population, clinical presentation of malaria cases, innate immune response pattern, vector resistance to insecticides or different patterns of vector behavior). The first specific aim address the need for baseline data on the burden of P. falciparum infection and malaria illness in relation to transmission risks at four different ecological settings in The Gambia (low seasonal transmission), Mali (irrigated areas and Sudan Savana) and Senegal (urban setting). The specific aim 2 Assess the impact of the current ongoing malaria control efforts, using different combination of approaches. The integrated malaria control strategies will be optimized, implemented and monitored to provide evidence of the impact of ongoing malaria control strategy. Finally as successful malaria control strategies evolve toward elimination, the aim 3 Investigate the relationship between pregnancy and childhood infection and illness in the context of an integrated malaria control program. The project not only will contribute to provide plausible evidence of the impact of integrated malaria control strategies being assessed, but also allow to detect any emerging insecticide or drug resistance, and adjust strategy in timely manner.