Fatty Acids, Adiposity, & Cardiometabolic Risk in Adolescence

描述(由申请人提供)：早期的营养暴露可以对成年后的心血管疾病(CVD)风险产生长期影响。然而，很少有特定的饮食因素被确定，而且它们更有可能影响以后心血管疾病风险的时间窗口也是不确定的。脂肪酸，特别是长链多不饱和脂肪酸，对成年人的心血管疾病危险因素具有公认的影响，但它们在早期生活中的作用尚不清楚。血清脂肪酸浓度是膳食摄入量的适当生物标志物。这项应用的目的是研究婴儿期和儿童期的血清脂肪酸浓度与1)从婴儿期到青春期的BMI轨迹以及2)16岁时智利儿童队列中心脏代谢危险因素的相关性。我们将测量750名队列参与者储存的血清样本中的脂肪酸浓度，这些参与者在婴儿期(6至18个月)以及5岁和/或10岁时有样本可用。感兴趣的终点包括从婴儿期到青春期(16岁)体重指数的变化，以及16岁时测量的心血管疾病危险因素，包括体脂百分比(来自DXA)、血压、胰岛素抵抗(HOMA)、脂谱、炎症标志物和脂肪因子。我们假设婴儿期或儿童期的长链n-3多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)与肥胖及相关代谢紊乱的发生成反比。相反，n-6和反式脂肪酸与这些结果呈正相关。因为脂肪酸状态有可能 这项研究可以通过饮食干预来改变，可以为旨在减轻心血管疾病负担的儿童早期干预提供基础。智利的队列是研究肥胖相关代谢障碍发展的理想对象，因为婴儿期入学的年份对应着儿童肥胖率极快地过渡到高比率的时期。这 这是一项成本效益很高的研究，因为已经收集了大量的数据和样本。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Nutritional exposures in early life can have a long-lasting effect on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in adulthood. However, few specific dietary factors have been identified, and the time windows when they are more likely to influence later CVD risk are uncertain. Fatty acids, especially long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, have well-recognized effects on CVD risk factors in adults, but their roles in early life remain unknown. Serum fatty acids concentrations are adequate biomarkers of dietary intake. The goal of this application is to study the associations of serum fatty acid concentrations during infancy and childhood with 1) BMI trajectories from infancy through adolescence and 2) cardiometabolic risk factors at age 16 y in a well-established cohort of Chilean children. We will measure fatty acids concentrations in stored serum samples of 750 cohort participants who have a sample available at infancy (6 to 18 mo) plus samples at 5 and/or 10 y of age. Endpoints of interest include change in body mass index from infancy through adolescence (age 16 y) as well as CVD risk factors measured at age 16 y including % body fat (from DXA), blood pressure, insulin resistance (HOMA), lipid profile, inflammatory markers, and adipokines. We hypothesize that long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in infancy or childhood are inversely related to the development of adiposity and related metabolic disturbances. Conversely, n-6 and trans-fatty acids are positively associated with these outcomes. Because fatty acid status is potentially modifiable through dietary interventions, this study could provide a basis for early interventions in children aimed at decreasing the burden of CVD. The Chilean cohort is ideal for the study of the development of adiposity-related metabolic disturbance because the years of enrollment in infancy corresponded to a period of extremely rapid transition to high rates of child obesity. This is a highly cost-effective study since a wealth of data and samples has already been collected.