Neurocognitive, Affective and Psychosocial Correlates of Adolescent Substance Use

描述（由申请人提供）：NRSA奖学金的目标是扩展申请人在物质使用、物质使用的社会心理相关、神经心理学和高级统计方法方面的知识和研究经验。申请人的职业目标是成为一名独立的研究人员，研究青少年时期物质使用的神经认知和情感后果。提出了结构化的培训和指导经验，以及一个精心安排的研究项目，以研究临床和发育风险因素如何影响青春期/青年期尼古丁、大麻和酒精的同时使用，进而影响神经认知和情感功能以及社会心理结果。培训计划包括课程作业、纵向方法和数据分析的经验、定期赞助商会议、临床实践和专业发展活动。物质使用通常始于青春期，这是神经发育和心理社会发育的重要时期。同时使用尼古丁、酒精和大麻在青少年中很常见，这种同时使用可能具有催化、增强作用，加剧依赖性，并导致较差的神经认知、情感和社会心理结果。然而，很少有研究调查了青少年/青年时期同时使用药物的危险因素，以及同时使用药物的神经认知和社会心理后果。这项研究的具体目的是研究：1)区分4种同时存在的物质使用轨迹（无、低、中、高）组的临床和发育风险因素（a)基线时以及这些因素(b)随时间变化的情况；2）在基于物质轨迹和性别的分层样本中，青少年时期物质使用频率与后来的情感、奖励和其他神经认知功能之间的神经生物学关联；3)药物使用轨迹是否介导基线差异与随后的神经认知和社会心理结果之间的关系。本研究将利用特征明确的纵向青少年过渡到成年期的样本，利用大量关于物质使用和社会心理变量的纵向数据，并提出额外的措施来解决新问题，作为正在进行的数据收集的一部分。将从母项目中平均选择80名个体从轨迹中研究神经认知和情感功能以及社会心理结果。药物使用、药物使用的社会心理相关、神经心理学、纵向方法和数据分析等领域的专家将提供指导。这项拟议的研究将是第一个整合尼古丁、大麻和酒精在青春期/青年期使用的社会心理和神经认知相关性的研究之一。除了提高申请人的技能外，该项目还有很大的发展潜力

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The goals for the NRSA fellowship are to expand the applicant's knowledge and research experience in substance use, psychosocial correlates of substance use, neuropsychology, and advanced statistical methods. The applicant's career goal is to become an independent researcher examining the neurocognitive and affective sequel of substance use during adolescence. Structured training and mentoring experiences are proposed, as well as a carefully aligned research project to examine how clinical and developmental risk factors contribute to concurrent nicotine, cannabis, and alcohol use during adolescence/young adulthood, and in turn impact neurocognitive and affective functioning and psychosocial outcomes. The training plan includes course work, experience with longitudinal methods and data analyses, regular sponsor meetings, clinical practice, and professional development activities. Substance use often is initiated in adolescence, an important period of neurodevelopment and psychosocial development. Concurrent use of nicotine, alcohol, and cannabis is common among adolescents, and this concurrent use may have a catalytic, potentiating effect, escalating dependence and leading to poorer neurocognitive, affective, and psychosocial outcomes. However, few studies have examined the risk factors for concurrent use, along with the neurocognitive and psychosocial outcomes of concurrent substance use during adolescence/young adulthood. The specific aims of the study are to examine: 1) clinical and developmental risk factors that differentiate 4 concurrent substance use trajectory (none, low, medium, and high) groups (a) at baseline and how these factors (b) vary over time, 2) the neurobiological association of frequency of substance use during adolescence on later affective, reward, and other neurocognitive functions in a stratified sample based upon substance trajectories and gender, and 3) whether substance use trajectories mediate the relationship between baseline differences and subsequent neurocognitive and psychosocial outcomes. This study will leverage a well-characterized, longitudinal sample of adolescents transitioning into adulthood, taking advantage of the extensive longitudinal data on substance use and psychosocial variables and proposing additional measures to address new questions as part of the ongoing data collection. Eighty individuals from the parent project will be equally selected from the trajectories to study neurocognitive and affective functioning and psychosocial outcomes. Mentorship will be provided by experts in the areas of substance use, psychosocial correlates of substance use, neuropsychology, and longitudinal methodology and data analysis. The proposed study will be one of the first to integrate psychosocial and neurocognitive correlates of nicotine, cannabis, and alcohol use during adolescence/young adulthood. In addition to enhancing the applicant's skills, the project also has the potential to greatly advance our understanding of risk factors for and the neurocognitive and psychosocial outcomes of concurrent adolescent substance use, a goal consistent with several facets of NIDA's strategic plan.