Surveillance Core

摘要/摘要 过去十年在疟疾控制方面取得了重大进展，这是由于获得更多 经证实的疟疾控制干预措施，包括经杀虫剂处理的蚊帐、室内滞留喷洒 杀虫剂，以青蒿素为基础的联合疗法改进病例管理，以及药物的使用 在高危人群中预防疟疾(化学预防)。有了改进的控制，可靠的监控 对监测控制干预措施的影响至关重要。我们现有的棱镜计划已经进行了 使用不同的方法对各种流行病学进行全面的疟疾监测 乌干达的环境。这项工作极大地促进了我们对优化方法的理解 乌干达和其他疟疾流行国家的疟疾监测。在积累经验的基础上，我们 建议继续我们的疟疾监测工作的主要组成部分，并进行更密集的纵向 将评价作为共享资源核心(监督核心)的一部分。我们将增加新的活动以提供 将用于监测疟疾负担趋势的更详细和准确的数据，估计 控制干预措施的影响，并为我们的三个相互关联的研究提供临床数据和标本 项目(抗药性、流行病学和传播项目)。我们将开展以卫生设施为基础的 乌干达全国21个政府卫生中心的疟疾监测，这些中心的人口水平不同 正在实施控制干预措施，以监测疟疾流行病学的趋势。单级数据 将从所有到门诊部就诊的患者中收集，包括他们是否 疑似疟疾，是否接受疟疾实验室检测，实验室检测结果， 和抗疟疾处方实践。此外，我们会定期从这些地点收集标本。 作为我们抗药性项目的一部分，用于检测药物和杀虫剂抗药性标记物。我们还将 在3个疟疾流行病学不同的地点进行详细的纵向队列研究，以衡量 疟疾发病率，并收集临床数据和生物标本来支持我们的三项研究 项目。最后，我们将在我们的纵向队列地点进行详细的昆虫学调查，以产生 关于个别家庭一级传播的强度和特征的数据，以及提供 蚊子标本将用于我们的三个研究项目。

Summary/Abstract Significant progress in malaria control has been realized in the last decade due to increased access to proven malaria control interventions, including insecticide-treated bed-nets, indoor residual spraying with insecticides, improved case management with artemisinin-based combination therapies, and use of drugs to prevent malaria in high-risk groups (chemoprevention). With the improved control, reliable surveillance is essential to monitor the impact of control interventions. Our existing PRISM program has conducted comprehensive malaria surveillance using different methodologies across a variety of epidemiological settings in Uganda. This work has greatly contributed to our understanding of optimizing approaches to malaria surveillance in Uganda and other malaria endemic countries. Building on experience gained, we propose to continue key components of our malaria surveillance work with more intensive longitudinal evaluations as part of a shared resources core (Surveillance core). We will add new activities to provide more detailed and precise data that will be used to monitor trends in the burden of malaria, estimate the impact of control interventions, and provide clinical data and specimens for our three inter-related research projects (Resistance, Epidemiology and Transmission projects). We will conduct health facility-based malaria surveillance at 21 government health centers throughout Uganda where different population level control interventions are being implemented to monitor trends in malaria epidemiology. Individual level data will be collected from all patients who present to the outpatient departments including whether they have suspected malaria, whether they underwent laboratory testing for malaria, the results of laboratory testing, and antimalarial prescription practices. In addition, we will periodically collect specimens from these sites for the testing of markers of drug and insecticide resistance as part of our Resistance project. We will also conduct detailed longitudinal cohort studies in 3 sites with differing malaria epidemiology to measure the incidence of malaria, and collect clinical data and biological specimens to support our three research projects. Finally, we will conduct detailed entomological surveys at our longitudinal cohort sites to generate data on the intensity and characteristics of transmission at the individual household level as well as provide mosquito specimens to be used in our three research projects.