World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses (WRCEVA)

 描述（由申请人提供）：新出现的病毒和虫媒病毒对人类健康的威胁日益增加，但对其出现的机制仍知之甚少，大多数病毒和虫媒病毒缺乏有效的干预措施。对它们的生态学、进化、流行病学、出现机制、诊断以及疫苗和疗法的开发进行研究仍然是关键的公共卫生需求。世界新兴病毒和虫媒病毒参考中心（WRCEVA）包括21个家族的6，700多个病毒株的全面，多样化的收集，以及抗血清，抗原和其他试剂，以使全球研究成为可能。每年增加约400种新病毒株，每年运送1000种病毒和试剂。WRCEVA还在病毒识别和表征的新方法和传统方法方面拥有广泛的专业知识，并协助疫情诊断。该提案旨在通过5个具体目标继续这些WRCEVA活动，以支持NIH资助的和其他关于全球新兴病毒的研究：1。维持一整套新出现的病毒、虫媒病毒和相关试剂，以支持研究和监测。病毒收集以及抗原、抗体和其他试剂将不断增强，以利用新技术，并将添加选定毒株的cDNA克隆。 将实施基于NextGen测序的质量控制规范，以确保菌株准确度/纯度。2.通过使用电子显微镜、下一代测序和血清学方法发现、分离和表征新获得的病毒，以确定关系和分类分配，并评估体外和体内宿主范围。将接收临床和田间样本以及病毒分离株进行鉴定和表征，并添加到储存库中。新发现的病毒和菌株的关键表型将通过使用体外和体内感染进行评估。3.对选定的病毒群进行测序和系统发育分析，以确定进化历史和出现机制、传播和感染模式，并迅速确定新疫情的来源。将对关键病毒株进行基因组测序，以生成数据库，用于快速确定新的疫情来源，包括潜在的生物恐怖主义。4.描述最近发现的蚊子特异性病毒（MSV），并确定它们的进化历史，对虫媒病毒传播的影响以及宿主范围的遗传决定因素。将研究包括蚊子特异性病毒在内的选定虫媒病毒分类群，以了解其宿主范围限制的遗传基础，并评估其作为干扰虫媒病毒传播工具的潜力5。培训科学家识别和描述新出现的病毒和虫媒病毒。 为了进一步加强美国和世界范围内的研究工作，并利用合作来充实我们的收藏，将向合格的科学家提供病毒识别和表征的基本培训。

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): New and emerging viruses and arboviruses represent increasing threats to human health, yet their mechanisms of emergence remain poorly understood, and effective interventions are not available for most. Research on their ecology, evolution, epidemiology, emergence mechanisms, diagnostics, and development of vaccines and therapeutics remain critical public health needs. The World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses (WRCEVA) comprises a comprehensive, diverse collection of over 6,700 virus strains in 21 families, as well as antisera, antigens and other reagents to enable research worldwide. Approximately 400 new virus strains are added each year, and 1000 viruses and reagents are shipped annually. The WRCEVA also maintains broad expertise in both novel and traditional approaches to virus identification and characterization, and assists with outbreak diagnosis. This proposal seeks to continue these WRCEVA activities in support of NIH-funded and other research on emerging viruses worldwide through 5 Specific Aims: 1. Maintain a comprehensive set of emerging viruses, arboviruses and associated reagents to support research and surveillance. The virus collection as well as antigens, antibodies and other reagents will be continually enhanced to capitalize on new technology, and cDNA clones of selected strains will be added. NextGen sequencing-based quality control practices will be implemented to ensure strain accuracy/purity. 2. Discover, isolate and characterize newly acquired viruses by using electron microscopy, next generation sequencing, and serologic methods to determine relationships and taxonomic assignments, and to assess in vitro and in vivo host range. Clinical and field samples as well as viral isolates will be received for identification and characterization, and added to the repository. Critical phenotypes of newly discovered viruses and strains will be assessed by using in vitro and in vivo infections. 3. Perform sequencing and phylogenetic analyses of selected virus groups to determine evolutionary histories and emergence mechanisms, patterns of spread and infection, and to rapidly determine the sources of new outbreaks. Key virus strains will undergo genomic sequencing to generate databases that can be exploited for the rapid determination of new outbreak sources, including potential bioterrorism. 4. Characterize recently discovered mosquito-specific viruses (MSVs) and determine their evolutionary history, impact on the transmission of arboviruses, and genetic determinants of host range. Selected arbovirus taxa that include mosquito-specific viruses will be studied to understand the genetic basis of their host range restriction and assess their potential as tools to interfere with arbovirus transmission 5. Train scientists in the identification and characterization of emerging viruses and arboviruses. To further enhance research efforts in the U.S. and worldwide as well as to leverage collaborations that feed our collections, basic training in virus identification and characterizaton will be provided to qualified scientists.