West African Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases

西非新发传染病中心

基本信息

批准号：
10468361
负责人：
Scott C Weaver
金额：
$ 52.1万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS MED BR GALVESTON
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2020-06-09 至 2025-05-31
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10468361
关键词：
Address Affect Africa African Americas Angola Arboviruses Arthralgia Asia Blood Circulation Caribbean region Central America Chikungunya virus Chiroptera Chronic Clinical Clinical Research Collaborations Communicable Diseases Coronavirus Country Culicidae Dengue Diagnostic Disease Disease Outbreaks Disease Outcome Ebola Ebola virus Electronic Medical Records and Genomics Network Emerging Communicable Diseases Epidemic Etiology Europe Fever Filovirus Florida Future Goals Guillain Barré Syndrome Health Personnel Hemorrhage Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome Henipavirus Hospitals Human Immune System Diseases Immune response Indian Ocean Infection Infrastructure International Laboratories Lassa Fever Lassa virus Maintenance Maps Medical Mexico Microcephaly Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Monitor Nigeria Outcome Pattern Public Health RNA Research Infrastructure Risk Rodent Senegal Severity of illness Sierra Leone Source South America Texas Ticks Time Training Training Programs Variant Viral Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers Virulence Virus Virus Diseases Wild Animals Yellow Fever ZIKA ZIKV infection Zika Virus Zoonoses bat-borne biosecurity burden of illness chikungunya congenital zika syndrome emerging pathogen enzootic exposed human population field study human disease improved novel virus pathogen pathogenic virus programs public health emergency response transmission process vector viral genomics

项目摘要

Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) such as chikungunya (CHIKV) and Zika (ZIKV), as well as rodent- and bat-borne viruses such as Lassa fever and probably Ebola, are among the most important causes of emerging infectious diseases, and many circulate enzootically in W. Africa. The mechanisms whereby these and other zoonotic African viruses emerge and spread remain obscure, along with the understanding of their disease burden and varied clinical outcomes. The West African Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases will address these critical gaps through field studies of enzootic transmission, and clinical studies of human exposure and disease outcome. Our surveillance of humans, and wild animals, including bats (probable hosts of filoviruses, coronaviruses and henipaviruses), and mosquitoes/ticks, will likely identify new emerging viral pathogens. Further, the infrastructure and local expertise developed through these projects in Senegal, Sierra Leone and Nigeria, along with biosafety/biosecurity training and improved diagnostics, will also prepare the region for future outbreaks of emerging viral and other infectious diseases. The Center’s aims are to: 1. Study zoonotic arboviruses in Senegal, Sierra Leone and Nigeria, including identification and characterization of critical reservoir and amplification hosts, enzootic and epidemic vectors, temporal patterns of enzootic and epidemic circulation, levels of human exposure, immune responses and disease outcomes. The emphasis will be on the 4 “urban” (human amplified) arboviruses: CHIKV, DENV, YFV and ZIKV, but other known and possibly unknown viruses will also be studied. Risk maps will be generated. 2. In Sierra Leone and Nigeria, study the circulation among rodent hosts and infections of humans by Lassa virus, including identification of viral determinants of hemorrhagic disease severity and sequelae outcomes, and determination of the mechanisms of strain virulence variation. Risk maps will also be generated. 3. Perform surveillance in bats to identify potential sources of Ebola virus in W. Africa as well as other known or unknown zoonotic pathogens, including coronaviruses and henipaviruses that may be causing human disease, and which may explain the origins of emerging pathogens such as Nipah and MERS coronavirus. 4. Establish biocontainment and biosecurity training programs, advanced yet affordable viral genomics capabilities, and comprehensive diagnostics to support these aims as well as to improve research infrastructure and future outbreak responses in W. Africa. Our results will increase the mechanistic understanding of zoonotic viral maintenance and emergence, etiologies of febrile and hemorrhagic diseases, diverse disease outcomes, and risks for local and international spread. Novel viruses with emergence potential will likely be discovered, and existing collaborations between the Univ. of TX Medical Branch and its partners in Senegal, Sierra Leone, and Nigeria, as well as research infrastructure, will be strengthened to prepare for and respond quickly and effectively to future outbreaks.

节肢动物传播病毒（Arboviruses），例如Chikungunya（Chikv）和Zika（Zikv），以及啮齿动物和啮齿动物 - 和蝙蝠传播病毒（例如Lassa Fever和可能的埃博拉病毒）是新兴的最重要原因之一在非洲W.非洲，传染病和许多圈子。这些和其他的机制人畜共动性非洲病毒出现和传播仍然晦涩难懂，并理解其疾病负担和多样化的临床结果。西非新兴传染病中心将解决这些关键差距通过enzootic传播的现场研究以及人类暴露和疾病结果。我们对人类和野生动物的监视，包括蝙蝠（可能的丝状病毒宿主，冠状病毒和HENIPAVIRAS）以及蚊子/壁虱可能会鉴定出新的新兴病毒病原体。此外，通过这些项目在塞内加尔，塞拉利昂和尼日利亚以及生物安全/生物安全培训和改进的诊断，还将为该地区做好准备未来新兴病毒和其他传染病的爆发。该中心的目的是： 1。塞内加尔，塞拉利昂和尼日利亚的人畜共患病毒，包括识别和临界储层和放大宿主，enzootic和流行载体的表征，临时 Enzootic和流行病的模式，人类暴露水平，免疫反应和疾病结果。重点将放在4个“城市”（人类放大）arboviruses：Chikv，Denv，YFV和 ZIKV，但其他已知的和可能的未知病毒也将研究。风险图将产生。 2。在塞拉利昂和尼日利亚，研究啮齿动物宿主和人类感染的循环病毒，包括鉴定出血性疾病严重程度和后遗症的病毒决定剂，并确定应变病毒变异的机理。风险地图也将生成。 3.在蝙蝠中进行监视，以识别W.非洲以及其他已知的埃博拉病毒的潜在来源或未知的人畜共患病原体，包括冠状病毒和可能导致人类的HENIPAVIRAS 疾病，这可能解释了新兴病原体（如Nipah和Mers冠状病毒）的起源。 4。建立生物内在和生物安全培训计划，高级但负担得起的病毒基因组学能力和全面诊断来支持这些目标并改善研究非洲W.非洲的基础设施和未来爆发反应。我们的结果将增加对人畜共动性病毒维持和出现的机械理解，高热和出血性疾病的病因，潜水疾病的结果以及局部和国际的风险传播。可能会发现具有出现潜力的新型病毒，并在大学。 TX Medical Branch及其在塞内加尔，塞拉利昂和尼日利亚的合作伙伴以及研究基础设施将得到加强，以准备并快速有效地对未来的暴发做出反应。