Child Sleep as a Mechanism and Moderator in the Development of Health Disparities

项目总结 美国年轻人的睡眠不足是一个主要的公共健康问题。许多年轻人的经历 睡眠不足和睡眠质量差，会损害身心健康和认知能力- 学术成就。这项研究中的重大空白包括对长期存在的 适应和适应不良的长期发展轨迹与客观相关 评估青年时期的睡眠障碍。此外，理解社会经济背景 儿童睡眠问题仍然是该领域的一个关键差距。事实上，理解这种机制 解释健康差距以及防止或防止健康差距的因素是 高度科学优先事项(健康人2020)。拟议的研究解决了这些差距，并 推进家长拨款发现。该设计建立在具有良好特性的3波研究和 涉及3个额外的波。样本包括355名青年(在第四项研究中为15-16岁 浪潮)来自阿拉巴马州的半农村地区，非洲裔美国人和经济 逆境。设计的优势包括大量和多样化的样本，广度 跨重要结果领域的测量，以及6个研究浪潮，允许分析 心理健康、身体健康、自主神经系统活动的长期轨迹，以及 认知--在健康差距背景下的学术运作。使用以下参数评估构件 多措并举，举报人多。通过动作记录仪，客观地检查睡眠，并 主观上。自主神经系统活动是用成熟的指数和 程序。这项研究将通过检查睡眠来促进对青少年睡眠的理解 解释、加剧或减弱社会经济和种族的负面影响的变量 健康差距(PA-13-292，关于理解和行为的行为和社会科学研究 缩小健康差距；PA-14-033，缩小少数民族和 服务不足儿童)，并通过审查被确定为公共卫生优先事项的结果， 包括心理健康、身体健康、学习成绩和压力反应系统。 我们将解决广泛的社会生态风险的睡眠过程，从而允许 对不同儿童的互动和概括性测试。这些发现将会给睡眠带来启发， 作为干预的行为和生态目标。

PROJECT SUMMARY Sleep deprivation in American youth is a major public health problem. Many youth experience insufficient and poor quality sleep, which can impair mental and physical health and cognitive- academic achievement. Significant gaps in this research include scarce investigations of long- term developmental trajectories of adaptation and maladaptation associated with objectively assessed sleep disturbances in youth. Furthermore, understanding the socioeconomic context of children’s sleep remains a critical gap in the field. Indeed, understanding mechanisms that explain health disparities as well as factors that prevent or protect against health disparities are high scientific priorities (Healthy People 2020). The proposed study addresses these gaps and advances parent grant discoveries. The design builds on a well-characterized 3-wave study and involves 3 additional waves. The sample consists of 355 youth (15-16 years at the fourth study wave) from semi-rural Alabama, with a high representation of African Americans and economic adversity. Strengths of the design include the large and diverse sample, breadth of measurement across important outcome domains, and 6 study waves, permitting analyses of long-term trajectories of mental health, physical health, autonomic nervous system activity, and cognitive-academic functioning in the context of health disparities. Constructs are assessed with multiple measures and informants. Sleep is examined objectively, via actigraphy, and subjectively. Autonomic nervous system activity is measured with well-established indices and procedures. The study will advance understanding of sleep in youth, by examining sleep variables that explain, exacerbate, or attenuate the negative effects of socioeconomic and racial health disparities (PA-13-292, Behavioral and Social Science Research on Understanding and Reducing Health Disparities; PA-14-033, Reducing Health Disparities among Minority and Underserved Children), and by examining outcomes identified as public health priorities, including mental health, physical health, academic performance, and stress response systems. We will address sleep processes across a wide range of social-ecological risk, thereby allowing tests of interactions and generalization to diverse children. Findings will illuminate sleep, behavioral, and ecological targets for intervention.