Family Aggression and Trajectories of Adolescent Adaptation: Bioregulatory Effect

描述（由申请人提供）：侵略性的婚姻冲突和严厉的养育（家庭侵略）是非常普遍的。长期暴露于家庭攻击会增加青少年的反社会和危险行为，抑郁情绪和认知能力下降的风险-这是青春期流行和严重程度增加的重要公共卫生问题。在家庭攻击的背景下解释适应轨迹的变化-为什么有些 青少年表现出的韧性和其他恶化-是一个迫切需要的科学和实践。来自拟议研究的发现将阐明自主神经系统活动和睡眠调节变量（生物调节过程），以及经济和社会背景（同伴关系）变量，这些变量可能介导家庭攻击的风险或操作， 加剧或防止其对儿童后期到青春期后期的认知、情感和行为适应不良的影响。该设计建立在一个特征良好的3波研究基础上;儿童年龄在8-11岁之间。拟议的研究将涉及3个额外的波，滞后1年：50%的女孩，T4时约14-15岁，非洲裔美国人和较低社会经济地位家庭的代表性较高。研究结构进行了评估与多个线人和措施。通过体动记录仪和主观检查睡眠参数。ANS活动（交感神经和副交感神经）用标准指数测量，反应性用完善的实验室程序评估。大而多样的样本，跨重要的青少年结果领域的测量广度，以及6波纵向设计将允许分析长期发展轨迹，生物心理社会过程之间的相互作用，以及家庭，生物调节和社会生态风险的概况。拟议的研究将通过调查生物调节和社会生态变量，有可能提高对青少年暴露于家庭攻击的风险的理解，并确定生理，行为和生态干预目标，在具有重要意义的领域创造新的知识。结果变量包括公共卫生优先事项，如行为和情绪调整，学习成绩（PA-07-046，身心互动和健康研究），暴力（PA-09-169，青少年约会暴力研究）和睡眠障碍（PA-07-140，睡眠和睡眠障碍研究）。将在广泛的社会生态背景下，以不同的社区样本对假设进行测试（PA-07-379，关于理解和减少健康差距的行为和社会科学研究）。其他关键优势包括我们专注于估计青少年在多个领域的功能轨迹;考虑结构之间的影响方向;以及比较不同时间点的关联强度。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Aggressive marital conflict and harsh parenting (family aggression) are highly prevalent. Chronic exposure to family aggression elevates adolescents' risk for antisocial and risky behavior, depressed mood, and cognitive decrements - significant public health problems that increase in prevalence and severity during adolescence. Explaining variability in trajectories of adaptation in the context of family aggression - why some adolescent's exhibit resilience and others deteriorate - is a critical need for science and practice. Findings stemming from the proposed study will illuminate autonomic nervous system activity and sleep regulation variables (bioregulatory processes), as well as economic and social context (peer affiliation) variables, which may mediate the risk of family aggression or operate to exacerbate or protect against its effects on cognitive, emotional, and behavioral maladjustment from late childhood through late adolescence. The design builds on a well-characterized 3-wave study; children ranged between 8-11 years across waves. The proposed study will involve 3 additional waves with a 1-year lag: 50% girls, ~14-15 years at T4, with high representation of both African-American and lower SES families. Study constructs are assessed with multiple informants and measures. Sleep parameters are examined objectively, via actigraphy, and subjectively. ANS activity (sympathetic and parasympathetic) is measured with standard indices, and reactivity is assessed with well-established lab procedures. The large and diverse sample, breadth of measurement across important adolescent outcome domains, and a 6-wave longitudinal design will permit analyses of long- term developmental trajectories, interactions among biopsychosocial processes, and profiles of family, bioregulatory and socioecological risk. The proposed study will create new knowledge in areas of great significance through investigations of bioregularoty and socioecological variables that have the potential to enhance understanding of risk among adolescents exposed to family aggression and to identify physiological, behavioral, and ecological targets for intervention. Outcome variables include public health priorities, such as behavioral and emotional adjustment, academic performance (PA-07-046, Research on Mind-Body Interactions and Health), violence (PA-09-169, Research on Teen Dating Violence), and sleep disturbances (PA-07-140, Research on Sleep and Sleep Disorders). Hypotheses will be tested across a wide range of socioecological contexts with a diverse community sample (PA-07-379, Behavioral and Social Science Research on Understanding and Reducing Health Disparities). Other key strengths include our focus on estimating trajectories of adolescent functioning across multiple domains; considering the direction of effects between constructs; and comparing the strength of associations at different time points across development.