Optical imaging of metabolic effects of transcranial laser stimulation in humans

摘要：经颅激光刺激包括使用低功率、高通量的光(6201100 nm)来治疗 调节神经功能。TLS的机制依赖于细胞色素C氧化酶对光子的吸收 (CCO)。线粒体呼吸链中这一末端酶的光激活在 利用脑氧进行能量代谢。这种光子学-生物能量学机制的结果增加了 大脑代谢似乎有利于认知增强和神经保护。近年来， TLS已显示出治疗许多神经和心理疾病的潜力。 然而，TLS在活体人脑中的作用机制仍然不确定。有一种缺乏 神经功能的改变是否与大脑的改变有关的证据 TLS诱导的代谢。此外，目前还没有一种可行的方法来测量大脑代谢 TLS期间的变化。能够同时传递TLS并记录脑部代谢变化 VIVE将是使TLS成为可行治疗选择的重要一步。 拟议研究旨在开发一种非侵入性且成本效益高的光学成像方法 量化和更好地了解TLS对体内脑代谢的影响，更重要的是，评估 这些影响是否与参与者认知功能的改善有关。我们将制造一辆混合动力车 宽带近红外光谱(NIRS)和漫相关光谱(DCS)定量系统 活体人脑CCO和脑氧代谢速率(RCMRO2)的相对变化然后，我们 将进行首个安慰剂对照的人体研究，以确定TLS对大脑的主要代谢影响 (即CCO和rCMRO2的变化)，方法是将结果与安慰剂对照组的结果进行比较 一群人。我们将进一步进行两次认知测试，一次是在TLS或安慰剂刺激之前，另一次是 在刺激后立即进行另一项测试，以确定参与者认知的潜在变化 TLS带来的性能。这将使我们能够评估两国之间是否存在显著的关系 接受TLS治疗的参与者的大脑代谢变化和认知表现的变化。 为了完成上述研究目标，我们组建了一支强大的多学科团队， 在各自领域具有卓越的研究敏锐性。这项研究的成功将提供亟需的洞察 体内人脑中TLS代谢活动的潜在机制。此外，它还将 证明一种非侵入性和成本效益高的成像治疗方法的可行性。这部小说 治疗方法可以优化认知障碍患者的治疗 由一系列神经和心理障碍引起。

Abstract: Transcranial laser stimulation (TLS) involves using low-power, high-fluence light (6201100 nm) to regulate neuronal functions. The mechanism of TLS relies on photon absorption by cytochrome c oxidase (CCO). Photoactivation of this terminal enzyme in the mitochondrial respiratory chain plays a key role in cerebral oxygen utilization for energy metabolism. This photonics-bioenergetics mechanism results increased cerebral metabolism that appears to benefit for cognitive enhancement and neuroprotection. In recent years, TLS has shown therapeutic potential for treating a number of neurological and psychological disorders. However, uncertainty remains about the mechanism of action of TLS in the human brain in vivo. There is a lack of evidence of whether or not changes in neuronal functions are associated with changes in cerebral metabolism induced by TLS. Furthermore, there is not a feasible means to measure the cerebral metabolic changes during TLS. Being able to simultaneously deliver TLS and record the cerebral metabolic changes in vivo would be a significant essential step toward making TLS a viable treatment option. The propose research aims to develop a non-invasive and cost-effective optical imaging approach to quantify and better understand the in vivo cerebral metabolic effects of TLS and, importantly, to assess whether these effects correlate with participants’ improvements in cognitive functions. We will build a hybrid system of broadband near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) to quantify relative changes of CCO and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (rCMRO2) in the human brain in vivo. Then, we will conduct the first placebo-controlled human study to identify the primary cerebral metabolic effects of TLS (i.e., changes in CCO and rCMRO2), by comparing the results against those from a placebo-treated control group. We will further conduct two sessions of cognitive tests, one before the TLS or placebo stimulation and another immediately following the stimulation, to identify the participants’ potential changes in cognitive performance due to TLS. This will allow us to assess whether there is a significant relationship between the cerebral metabolic changes and changes in cognitive performance in the TLS-treated participants. To complete the research aims outlined above, we have formed a strong and multidisciplinary team with exceptional research acumen in their fields. The success of this study will provide much needed insight into the underlying mechanism of TLS-generated metabolic activity in the human brain in vivo. Furthermore, it will demonstrate the feasibility of a non-invasive and cost-effective treatment-with-imaging approach. This novel therapeutic approach could optimize treatment for individuals who have suffered cognitive impairments resulting from a number of neurological and psychological disorders.