Adverse health effects of shift work

 描述（由申请人提供）：关于怀孕期间轮班工作可能对母亲的孩子造成的潜在伤害存在相当大的不确定性，但怀孕期间夜班工作目前在美国已成为现实。我们之前在护士健康研究2（NHS 2）中将工作时间表，特别是涉及夜班的工作时间表，与自然流产和产前分娩的风险增加联系起来。现在，我们建议继续我们的工作，研究胚胎和胎儿暴露于轮班工作如何影响他们的健康和以后生活中的慢性疾病风险。我们将利用全球独特的资源，提供有关母亲及其后代的关键信息，包括怀孕期间的职业轮班工作暴露：使用来自正在进行的NHS 2队列和今日成长研究（GUTS）的现有数据，即参与NHS 2的护士的子女，我们将调查以下3个主要假设：（1）轮班工作（怀孕前和怀孕期间）是否会导致后代的生长紊乱和心理健康改变，以及这如何影响整个生命周期的疾病风险？(2)睡眠参数的恶化，包括夜间褪黑激素的分泌减少和成年后皮质醇的觉醒增加，是否与生命早期的暴露有关？以及（3）我们能否定义关键的发展窗口（例如，孕前、胚胎期和胎儿期），在此期间轮班工作可能影响慢性疾病病因。我们有完整的一生轮班工作的NHS 2母亲的所有27,795名儿童在GUTS，3,740名儿童的母亲在怀孕期间额外提供轮班工作的历史。为配合《健康人2020》，该提案涉及所有诺拉部门方案以及跨部门方案“工作组织和压力相关疾病”和“癌症、生殖和心血管疾病”。具体来说，我们的提案旨在探讨夜班是否会使工人的后代面临更高的疾病风险。我们拟议的研究的预期直接产出是出版物，演示文稿/海报。中期成果将通过展示引用我们工作的新政策来跟踪。我们将通过同行评审的文献和科学会议向其他科学家传播我们的发现。然而，我们的主要目标受众是工人-因此，我们将通过我们的护士健康研究2工作人员与护士进行沟通，并通过NIOSH的工作人员使用网站、时事通讯和社交媒体与其他工人进行沟通。我们提出的研究证实了研究转化为实践（r2 P），因为它可能会导致孕妇工作实践的实际变化。最终，这是一种潜在的非常有效的预防做法，任何其他工作场所都可以很容易地采用。

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Considerable uncertainty exists about the potential harm that shift work during pregnancy may impose on a mom's child, yet working night shifts during pregnancy is currently an established reality in the US. We have previously linked work schedules, particularly those involving night shifts, with an increased risk of spontaneous abortion and delivering pre-tem in the Nurses' Health Study 2 (NHS2). Now, we propose to continue our work by examining how exposure of the embryo and fetus to shift work may affect their health and chronic disease risk later in life. We will make use of a worldwide unique resource, which provides critical information on both moms and their offspring, including occupational shift work exposure during pregnancy: using existing data from the ongoing NHS2 cohort and Growing Up Today Study (GUTS), i.e. children of the nurses participating in NHS2, we will investigate the following 3 major hypotheses: (1) can shift work (prior to conception as well as during pregnancy) induce growth perturbations and altered mental health in the offspring, and how may this influence disease risk across the lifespan? (2) are worsened sleep parameters including lower overnight production of melatonin and higher awakening cortisol in young adulthood associated with such early life exposures? and (3) can we define critical developmental windows (e.g., preconception, embryonic, and fetal periods) during which shift work may influence chronic disease etiology. We have complete lifetime shift work history of the NHS2 moms of all 27,795 children in GUTS, 3,740 children whose moms additionally provided shift work history during pregnancy. In alignment with Healthy People 2020, this proposal addresses all NORA Sector Programs as well as the cross- sector programs "Work Organization and Stress Related Disorders", and "Cancer, Reproductive and Cardiovascular Diseases". Specifically, our proposal strives to explore whether night shifts may expose offspring of workers to heightened risk for disorders. Expected immediate outputs of our proposed research are publications, presentations/posters. Intermediate outcomes will be tracked by showing new policies that cite our work. We will disseminate our findings to other scientists through the peer-reviewed literature and scientific conferences. However, our primary target audience is workers - hence, we will communicate to nurses by our Nurses' Health Study 2 staff, as well as to other workers through the staff at NIOSH, using websites, newsletters, and social media presence. Our proposed research exemplifies the translation of research into practice (r2P) in that it may lead to actual changes in work practice for pregnant women. Ultimately, this is a potentially highly effective prevention practice, which can readily be adopte by any other workplace.