Adolescent Social Risks and Resources and Young Adult Health

项目摘要 青春期的社会性和发展性变化使其成为一个充满社会风险的时期。 青少年往往没有足够的认知能力和情感成熟度来有效地独自科普。 因此，他们必须借助他人的帮助。以生命历程的理论和实践知识为基础 早期社会风险的过程和对以后生活的影响，了解青少年如何以及为什么积累 长期风险或利用社会生活中的资源在短期内从风险中恢复， 可能为风险和弹性提供关键的理论见解。 该项目的具体目标是：（1）确定从早期社会风险中恢复过来的青少年， 健康的成年人和那些在年轻时遵循积累风险模式的人， 他们的成年健康;（2）调查与青少年健康反应相关的复杂生物学过程 社会风险和资源;（3）研究种族/民族，社会经济和性别差异， 社会风险、资源和健康之间的纵向联系。为了实现这些目标，该项目将 将先进的统计技术应用于身体内外的长期纵向数据， 国家青少年到成人健康纵向研究（添加健康）。该项目将利用丰富的多- 添加健康中的方法数据收集（例如，调查，网络，成绩单，生物标志物），并建立在一些 添加健康数据的最创新用途（例如，用成绩单衡量课程顺序， 检查疾病的早期前兆）。这项研究的结果可以确定哪些青少年是最 易受社会风险累积效应的影响。它还可以为减少贫穷的方案努力提供参考。 青少年死亡率的直接风险，这是一个令人非常关切的问题， 将早期的不利因素转化为长期的精神和身体问题，这越来越被视为 对促进成人健康至关重要。 研究金期间包括开展活动和培训，以支持现有技能的发展和 新的（例如，生物社会过程、生命历程框架的概念化和操作化， 方法，纵向建模，基因组的统计方法）。三个研究金年度将包括 正式和非正式的指导，具体方法和理论方法的培训（特别是 与整合健康的生物和社会途径有关），并支持专业化和 联网通过参与建议的培训计划，申请人将非常适合从事生产性职业 作为顶级研究机构的一名教员。

PROJECT SUMMARY The substantial social and developmental changes of adolescence make it a period laden with social risks. Adolescents often do not have the cognitive capacities and emotional maturity to effectively cope on their own. Consequently, they must draw on others for help. Building on theoretical and practical knowledge of life course processes and later life implications of early social risk, understanding how and why adolescents accumulate risk over the long term or utilize resources in their social lives to recover from risk in the short term can potentially provide key theoretical insights into risk and resilience. The specific aims of the project are to: (1) identify adolescents who recover from early social risks to become healthy adults and those who follow a pattern of accumulating risks through young adulthood that undermine their adult health; (2) investigate complex biological processes associated with adolescents' health responses to social risks and resources; and (3) examine racial/ethnic, socioeconomic, and gender disparities in longitudinal linkages among social risks, resources, and health. To accomplish these aims, this project will apply advanced statistical techniques to long-term longitudinal data inside and outside the body from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health). The project will exploit the rich multi- method data collection in Add Health (e.g., surveys, networks, transcripts, biomarkers) and build on some of the most innovative uses of Add Health data (e.g., measuring course sequences with transcripts and examining early-life precursors to disease). The results of this research can identify adolescents who are most vulnerable to the cumulative effects of social risk. It may also inform programmatic efforts to reduce the immediate risks to mortality during the adolescent years, which are of such great concern, and to break the translation of early disadvantages into long-term mental and physical problems, which is increasingly seen as crucial to promoting adult health. The fellowship period includes activities and training to support the development of extant skills and building of new ones (e.g., conceptualization and operationalization of biosocial processes, life course frameworks and methods, longitudinal modeling, statistical approaches to the genome). The three fellowship years will include formal and informal mentoring, training in specific methodological and theoretical approaches (particularly as related to integrating biological and social pathways to health), and support in professionalization and networking. By engaging in the training plan proposed, the applicant will be well-suited for a productive career as a faculty member at a top-tier research institution.