Project 2: Spatio-Temporal Pollutant Tracking in the atmosphere: An Integrated Laboratory, Modeling, and Measurement Study

项目2：项目摘要/摘要 该项目提出了一种新的方法(时空污染物追踪)来评估 污染物在大气中传输和转化，我们的假设是我们可以应用空间- 时间污染物追踪，以改善对潜在暴露和最终公共健康的估计 有害环境污染物的影响。这些信息对于准确的风险评估至关重要。 以及制定有效的补救政策，但目前受到大气中不确定因素的限制 化学和交通。大气层作为一种有效的媒介，既可以有效地转化为 污染物(形成的产物可能具有母体化合物更高或更低的毒性)和快速 污染物的运输(导致污染物在时间和空间分布上具有很大的异质性)。这么高 暴露评估通常不考虑大气污染物的反应性和高度可变性，a 导致给定的最终环境/健康影响存在很大不确定性的关键差距 化学药品。为了减少这种不确定性，我们将开发一系列新的最先进的工具，以更好地 量化这种化学加工和运输：1)开发和部署传感器，以测量 主要大气物种的浓度；2)大气污染物转化的实验室研究 在大气中；以及3)模拟污染物的化学和传输，以便预测污染物 专注度和命运。这三种方法具有很强的互补性，每种方法的输出都能提供信息 另外两个。这个项目的核心是不仅研究原始的化学和分布- 排放的化合物(“主要污染物”)，以及它们的多代大气 转化/降解产物(“二次污染物”)，在某些情况下可能更危险 而不是前体化合物。该项目最初侧重于多环芳烃(PAHs)，以及 一类重要的有毒化合物，我们已对其进行了初步研究，并允许 发展我们的方法论。然后，我们的方法将扩展并应用于亚硝胺(例如，N- 亚硝基二甲胺(NDMA)和类似化合物，并最终用于其他感兴趣的化合物。这个 对这些物种大气水平的改进将为其他环境研究提供参考 领域(例如，水和沉积物，项目1)，以及估计人类接触的改进能力和 确定新的目标污染物将有助于生物医学研究(例如，该麻省理工学院SRP的项目3-5) 确定这类化学品对健康的最终影响。研究人员将与公众接触，特别是 神秘河流域的社区和缅因州北部的部落社区，通过讨论来源 和大气污染物的命运，并向他们介绍新的传感器技术，使手机能够 传感器，使“公民科学”成为可能。总体目标是开发和应用新的和 与政策相关的有毒物质评估的创新测量和建模方法。 1

Project 2: Project Summary/Abstract This project sets out a new methodology (Spatio-temporal Pollutant Tracking) to assess the pathways by which pollutants are transported and transformed in the atmosphere, Our hypothesis is that we can apply Spatio- temporal Pollutant Tracking to improve estimates of potential exposures, and ultimate public health impacts, of hazardous environmental pollutants. Such information is critical for accurate risk assessment and the development of effective remediation policies, but is currently limited by uncertainties in atmospheric chemistry and transport. The atmosphere serves as an efficient medium for both the efficient transformation of pollutants (forming products that may be of higher or lower toxicity of the parent compound) and the rapid transport of pollutants (leading to large heterogeneities in their temporal and spatial distributions). This high reactivity and high variability of atmospheric pollutants is often not considered in exposure assessments, a critical gap that leads to substantial uncertainties in the ultimate environmental/health impact of a given chemical. In order to reduce such uncertainties, we will develop a range of new state-of-the-art tools to better quantify this chemical processing and transport: 1) development and deployment of sensors to measure the concentrations of key atmospheric species; 2) laboratory studies of atmospheric transformations pollutants in the atmosphere; and 3) modeling of contaminant chemistry and transport in order to predict pollutant concentrations and fate. These three approaches are highly complementary, with outputs from each informing the other two. Central to this project is the study of not only the chemistry and distributions of the originally- emitted compounds (“primary pollutants”), but also their multi-generation atmospheric transformation/degradation products (“secondary pollutants”), which in some cases may be more hazardous than the precursor compound. This project focuses initially on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), an important class of toxic compounds on which we have carried out preliminary studies, and which allow for the development of our methodology. Our methods will then be extended and applied to nitrosamines (e.g., N- Nitrosodimethylamine, NDMA) and similar compounds, and ultimately to other compounds of interest. The improved characterization of atmospheric levels of these species will inform studies in other environmental domains (e.g., water and sediments, Project 1), and the improved ability to estimate human exposures and identify new target pollutants will aid the ability of biomedical studies (e.g., Projects 3-5 of this MIT-SRP) to determine the ultimate health impact of such chemicals. Researchers will engage the public, specifically communities in the Mystic River Watershed and tribal communities in northern Maine, by discussing sources and fates of atmospheric pollutants, and introducing them to novel sensor techniques with cellphone-enabled sensors, enabling “citizen science”. The overarching goal is the development and application of new and innovative measurement and modeling approaches for the policy-relevant assessment of toxic substances. 1