Identification and environmental fate of novel halogenated polycyclic aromatic compounds in Canada's Oil Sands Region

加拿大油砂地区新型卤代多环芳香族化合物的鉴定和环境归趋

• 批准号: RGPIN-2019-05354
• 负责人: Tomy, Gregg
• 金额: $ 2.11万
• 依托单位: University of Manitoba
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=748129
• 关键词: Identification; environmental; fate; novel; halogenated

The Alberta Oil Sands (AOS) is the world's third largest reserve of crude oil with an estimated 165 billion barrels of oil recoverable given current technologies. The region contains naturally occurring mixtures of crude bitumen, sand, clay, ultrafine mineral solids and water that are rich in a soup of organic compounds the most notable of which are the polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs). Because of their historical legacy, federal monitoring activities in Canada have focused on the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their alkylated analogs. However, it is known that the AOS region was once covered by sea water millions of years ago, which would have contained high concentrations of chloride and bromide ions. During the oil sand formation, the elevated pressures and temperatures of diagenesis and catagenesis combined with the catalytic activation of halides formed with abundant crustal elements Al and Fe created an environment conducive to organohalogen formation. We hypothesize that halogenated PACs would be detectable in biological samples from the AOS region.  The overarching aim of the research program described here is to develop novel analytical techniques using state-of-the-art instrumentation to unearth new halogenated PAC (HPACs) in environmental samples from the AOS region.  This is important because these compounds have not been identified before in the AOS region and there is a potential that these compounds could be more harmful to wildlife than ones not containing halogen atoms.  Chlorine and bromine containing PACs and their alkylated derivatives will be the focus of this student-led research program. The new compounds identify in biological samples will drive the second major component of this research program. Specifically, we will examine how susceptible these compounds are to metabolism using a fish liver microsomal bioassay. Commercially available standards will be used as substrate to understand the metabolic conversion of these compounds to more polar metabolites. In addition to understanding how quickly they metabolize, my HQP team will identify the metabolites formed during the incubation bioassay. The identification of HPACs in wildlife from the AOS region and the metabolites formed in fish will lead to future research activities on the persistence, bioaccumulation and toxicities of these compounds that our group (and others) will explore.

艾伯塔省油砂（AOS）是世界第三大原油储备，估计有1650亿桶的机油可回收的鉴于当前技术。该区域包含天然存在的粗沥青，沙子，粘土，超细矿物质固体和水，富含有机化合物的汤，其中最著名的是多环芳族化合物（PACS）。由于其历史遗产，加拿大的联邦监测活动集中在多环芳烃（PAHS）及其烷基化类似物上。但是，众所周知，AOS区域曾经被海水覆盖数百万年前，这将含有高浓度的氯化物和溴化物离子。在油砂形成期间，成岩作用和分解的压力和温度升高，结合了具有丰富的地壳元素Al和Fe形成的卤化物的催化激活，创造了一种环境导电到有机体形成的环境。我们假设在AOS区域的生物样品中可以检测到卤代PAC。此处描述的研究计划的总体目的是使用最先进的仪器开发新的分析技术，以从AOS地区发掘新的卤素PAC（HPAC）。这很重要，因为这些化合物在AOS区域之前尚未鉴定出来，并且与不含卤素原子的化合物可能对野生动植物更有危害。含有PAC的氯和溴及其烷基化衍生物将成为该学生主导的研究计划的重点。新化合物在生物学样品中识别将推动该研究计划的第二个主要组成部分。具体而言，我们将研究使用鱼肝微粒体生物测定法对这些化合物的敏感性。市售标准将用作底物，以了解这些化合物对更极性代谢产物的代谢转化率。除了了解它们代谢的速度之外，我的HQP团队还将确定在生物测定中形成的代谢产物。 AOS地区和鱼类形成的代谢产物中HPAC在野生动植物中的鉴定将导致未来的研究活动，这些研究活动对这些化合物的持久性，生物蓄积和我们的毒性将探索。