Parent-child mealtime interactions: longitudinal observations to inform obesity prevention

项目摘要/摘要 预防肥胖的努力越来越多地集中在儿童早期。新出现的证据表明， 父母与孩子之间互动的情绪质量影响肥胖风险，自我调节可能 成为一种解释机制。然而，亲子互动传统上是在游戏过程中观察到的，并且 随着时间的推移，还没有研究用餐时间的相互作用与儿童肥胖风险的关系。此外，这一点 其中涉及的自律方面尚不清楚。早产儿患肥胖症的风险相似 对于足月出生的儿童和早产儿来说，在自我调节方面存在缺陷的风险更高。的目标是 这项应用是为了对(所有胎龄的)学步儿童进行纵向研究，以确定 在家庭和实验室的用餐和游戏环境中观察到的亲子互动的质量影响 通过学龄前体重和肥胖的变化，并确定自我调节的方面是 牵涉其中。我们的中心假设是，父母和孩子用餐时间互动的轨迹会不同，并可以预测 与在游戏中观察亲子互动相比，42个月时肥胖的风险更大 胎龄和气质反应作为影响因素，情绪调节作为自我调节的方面。 监管与肥胖关系最为密切。当前项目的基本原理是 预防幼儿肥胖是迫切需要的，父母的参与将是他们成功的关键； 研究亲子互动随着时间的推移和跨背景，与所有孕龄的孩子，将 促进确定预防肥胖的可修改目标。该提案有三个具体目标：1) 描述从幼儿到学龄前儿童期间亲子用餐时间相互作用的轨迹 游戏中的亲子互动，2)确定增加肥胖风险的亲子用餐互动， 3)确定预测学龄前儿童健康体重的自我调节方面和 确定前驱物质。我们实现这些目标的方法将是对250名入选的儿童进行前瞻性研究 在18个月时，在我们的实验室和他们的家中分别于24、36和42月龄进行评估。亲子关系 在家中的游戏和用餐时间以及在实验室的标准化自助午餐中的互动将 被观察和客观编码。学龄前儿童的自我调节能力将使用一组 目标任务和家长报告。这项研究的预期结果将是对 与肥胖风险相关的自我调节和亲子用餐时间互动方面 童年早期。该项目在将发展科学的概念和方法引入到 儿童肥胖的挑战和利用就餐时间观察到的亲子互动的客观编码 以及随着时间的推移和所有胎龄的孩子的非用餐时间背景。这个项目意义重大 因为它将为父母养育和儿童肥胖的研究以及所学到的东西带来一个二元的视角 可应用于对儿童和家庭的健康和福祉产生积极影响。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Obesity prevention efforts are increasingly focused on early childhood. Emerging evidence suggests that the emotional quality of interactions between parents and children impacts risk for obesity and self-regulation may be an explanatory mechanism. However, parent-child interactions are traditionally observed during play, and mealtime interactions have not been studied over time in relationship to children's obesity risk. Further, which aspects of self-regulation are involved is unclear. Children born preterm have risks for obesity that are similar to children born at term, and preterm children are at higher risk for deficits in self-regulation. The objective of this application is to conduct a longitudinal study of toddlers (of all gestational ages) to determine how the quality of parent-child interactions observed in mealtime and play settings in the home and laboratory impacts changes in weight and adiposity through preschool-age, and to identify the aspects of self-regulation that are involved. Our central hypothesis is that trajectories of parent-child mealtime interaction will differ and predict risk for obesity at 42 months more robustly than observations of parent-child interaction during play, with gestational age and temperamental reactivity as effect modifiers, and emotion regulation as the aspect of self- regulation most strongly associated with obesity. The rationale for the current project is that strategies to prevent obesity in young children are urgently needed and parent engagement will be crucial to their success; studying parent-child interaction over time and across contexts, with children of all gestational ages, will facilitate identification of modifiable targets for obesity prevention. The proposal has three specific aims: 1) to characterize trajectories of parent-child mealtime interactions across the toddler to preschool period relative to parent-child interactions in play, 2) to identify parent-child mealtime interactions that increase risk for obesity, and 3) to determine the aspects of self-regulation that predict healthy weight in preschool-aged children and identify precursors. Our approach to accomplish these aims will be a prospective study of 250 children enrolled at 18 months and assessed at 24, 36, and 42 months of age in our laboratory and in their homes. Parent-child interaction during play and during mealtimes at home and in a standardized buffet lunch in the laboratory will be observed and objectively coded. Self-regulation at preschool-age will be assessed using a battery of objective tasks and parent-report. The expected outcomes of this research will be detailed understanding of the aspects of self-regulation and parent-child mealtime interactions that are associated with risk for obesity in early childhood. The project is innovative in bringing concepts and methods from developmental science to the challenge of childhood obesity and utilizing objective coding of observed parent-child interactions in mealtime and non-mealtime contexts over time and with children of all gestational ages. The project is significant because it will bring a dyadic perspective to research on parenting and childhood obesity and what is learned can be applied to have a positive impact on the health and well-being of children and families.