Patients as safeguards: Understanding the information needs of hospitalized patie

描述(申请人提供)：医疗差错每年都会导致严重的死亡率和发病率。尽管这个问题已经得到了国家的关注，包括鼓励患者直言不讳地谈论错误，但很少有工作积极地让患者参与预防、检测和恢复这些错误。患者和他们的照顾者提供了一个独特的视角提供的护理，很少被捕获，除非通过与护理人员和临床医生的特别对话。此外，患者和照顾者面临认知、人际和系统层面的挑战，这些挑战可能会影响他们对潜在问题的认识，并抑制他们沟通关切的能力。加强患者和护理人员对有意义信息的接触和参与，有助于解决沟通方面的挑战，而沟通挑战往往是许多不良事件的根本原因。通过这一应用，调查人员试图了解住院患者及其照顾者扮演这一重要安全角色所需的信息支持。该项目的三个目标是：(1)确定能够提高患者及其照顾者的情境意识并使他们能够认识到潜在的安全问题的信息；(2)确定机会来支持住院患者及其照顾者获取和管理健康信息、担忧、问题和定制的护理需求；(3)确定支持患者、照顾者和提供者之间围绕安全相关问题和整体护理体验进行积极对话的策略。研究团队将采用包括观察、访谈、调查和技术探索在内的混合方法来制定一套设计要求，以帮助患者及其照顾者获得和跟踪必要的信息，以传达他们的安全担忧。这些要求将支持卫生保健界将患者作为防止医疗差错的保障措施，并提供利用信息技术改善整体患者体验的愿景。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Medical errors cause significant mortality and morbidity each year. Although this problem has received national attention, including efforts to encourage patients to speak up about errors, very little work has actively involved patients in preventing, detecting, and recovering from these errors. Patients and their caregivers offer a distinctive perspective on the delivery of care that is rarely captured except through ad hoc dialogue with nursing staff and clinicians. Moreover, patients and caregivers experience cognitive, interpersonal, and system- level challenges that can affect their awareness of potential problems and inhibit their ability to communicate their concerns. Enhancing patients' and caregivers' access to and engagement with meaningful information can help address communication challenges that are often the root cause of many adverse events. Through this application, the investigators seek to understand the information support that hospitalized patients and their caregivers need to play this important safety role. The three aims for this project are to: (1) identify information that would increase patients' and their caregivers' situational awareness as well as enable them to recognize potential safety concerns, (2) identify opportunities to support inpatients and their caregivers in capturing and managing health information, concerns, questions, and customized care needs, (3) determine strategies to support active dialogue among patients, caregivers, and providers around safety-related concerns and the overall care experience. The research team will employ a mixed-methods approach that includes observations, interviews, surveys, and technology probes to develop a set of design requirements for helping patients and their caregivers obtain and track needed information for communicating their safety concerns. These requirements will support the health-care community in engaging patients as safeguards against medical errors and provide a vision for enhancing the overall patient experience using information technology.