Identifying and Comparing Approaches to Identify High-Impact and Transformative Behavioral Research

计划项目：“老龄化社会中的创新” 美国科学工作者正在老龄化--美国学者和医学院教职员工的平均年龄 从1970年的40年代初增加到40年代末。这种老龄化令人担忧，因为人们被认为 在职业生涯早期做出重要的科学贡献。此外，美国正在转向创新，因为 一个经济驱动力，以及人口老龄化将增加和转移对生物医学的需求 创新。该计划项目将开发和传播一个相关的研究机构， 老龄化社会中研究的产生和影响以及必要的数据基础设施 促进在个人层面研究创新的动态研究社区的发展，并 老龄化和创新。我们的研究将围绕两个广泛且相互关联的问题展开：(1)我们将计划 老龄化的科学劳动力将如何影响创新和政策回应的数量和质量。我们 将研究创新在生命周期中如何变化，以及a)研究团队和 社区；b)从培训到退休的生命周期事件；c)研究人员特征(性别、种族、 和种族)在年龄-创新关系中起中介作用。(2)我们会研究和地区对健康的影响 研究带来的经济溢出效应以及老龄化的生物医学研究劳动力将如何影响健康和 经济。我们亦会研究人口老化对生物医学的需求有何影响。 研究以及研究人员将如何回应。由3个核心支持，提供(A)管理、(B)数据 收购和建设，以及(C)计划开发，我们的多学科团队将产生 对老龄化社会中的创新进行全面分析和催化研究。作为这项工作的补充， 我们将产生广泛的数据和工具，包括大规模、明确、纵向的数据集 生物医学研究人员不仅将支持项目，还将为研究提供基础设施 社区。 相关性(请参阅说明)： 我们的科学劳动力正在老龄化，预计这将减少创新，同时我们 强调创新。我们将预测我们老龄化的生物医学研究队伍将如何影响创新， 量化相关的健康和经济后果，并探索一系列政策应对措施。我们 还将为一个新的研究社区发展基础设施并促进其发展。

Program Project: "Innovation in an Aging Society" The U.S. scientific workforce is aging - the average age of both US academics and medical school faculty increased to the late 40s, from the early 40s in 1970. This aging is troubling because people are seen to make important scientific contributions early in their careers. Moreover, the U.S. is turning to innovation as an economic driver, and the aging of the population will both increase and shift the demand for biomedical innovation. This Program Project will develop and disseminate an interrelated body of research on the production and impact of research in an aging society along with the data infrastructure necessary to catalyze the development of a dynamic research community studying innovation at the individual-level and aging and innovation. Our research will be organized around 2 broad, interrelated issues: (1) We will project how the aging scientific workforce will affect the quantity and quality of innovation and policy responses. We will study how innovation varies over the lifecycle, and how a) the age-structure of research teams and communities; b) life-cycle events from training to retirement; and c) researcher characteristics (gender, race, and ethnicity) mediate the age-innovation relationship. (2) We will study the health impacts of and local economic spillovers from research and how the aging biomedical research workforce will affect health and the economy. We will also study how the aging of our population will affect the demand for biomedical research and how researchers will respond. Supported by 3 cores providing (A) Administration, (B) Data Acquisition and Construction, and (C) Program Development, our multi-disciplinary team will produce a comprehensive analysis and catalyze research on innovation in an aging society. Complementing this work, we will produce a wide range of data and tools, including a large-scale, disambiguated, longitudinal dataset on biomedical researchers that will not only support the projects, but provide infrastructure for the research community. RELEVANCE (See instructions): Our scientific workforce is aging, which is expected to reduce innovation at the same time we are emphasizing innovation. We will project how our aging biomedical research workforce will affect innovation, quantify the associated health and economic consequences, and explore a range of policy responses. We will also develop infrastructure for and catalyze the development of a new research community.