Development of Aquatic Model Resources for Therapeutic Screens

描述（由申请人提供）：创造新药是一项重要的国家需求，但一个关键的障碍是不断上升的成本，通常是由于管道的后期失败。尽管针对蛋白质或细胞系的体外筛选提供了重要的途径，但对完整脊椎动物的体内筛选可以帮助克服晚期衰竭问题。完整的动物疾病模型提供了一种公正的方法来筛选所有的蛋白质和组织，其中许多可能还不知道在疾病中起作用。这个与资源相关的研究项目的目标是开发动物模型和相关材料，利用全球基因表达模式来确定人类疾病的新疗法。幼鱼为完整动物药物筛选提供了特别有用的对象，因为它们有像人类器官一样的功能器官，包括用于吸收的上皮、用于代谢的肝脏、用于排泄的肾脏，以及对药物毒性敏感的眼睛、耳朵、大脑和甲状腺等器官。鱼可以直接从水中吸收药物，而且它们的体积小使得测试很经济。疾病状态以指示疾病病因和对疾病反应的基因活动群集为特征。在一个创新的屏幕上，这个项目

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Creating new drugs is an important national need, but a critical barrier is escalating cost, often due to late failures in the pipeline. Although in vitr screens targeting proteins or cell lines provide important avenues, in vivo screens on intact vertebrates can help overcome late-failure problems. Intact animal disease models provide an unbiased approach that screens all proteins and tissues, many of which may not yet be known to play a role in disease. The goal of this resource-related research project is to develop animal models and related materials for using global gene expression patterns to identify novel therapies for human disease. Larval fish provide especially useful subjects for intact-animal drug screens because they have organs that function like human organs, including epithelia for absorption, livers for metabolism, kidneys for excretion, and organs like eyes, ears, brain and thyroid sensitive to drug toxicity. Fish can absorb drugs directly from the water and their small size makes testing economical. Disease states are characterized by constellations of gene activity indicating disease etiology and response to disease. In an innovative screen, this project will identify transcriptional disease signatures (TDSs), suites of genes whose activities change in disease, and will develop efficient methods to identify compounds that return the TDS to that of healthy fish. The project predicts that TDS changes will reveal drug effects earlier than altered morphologies would and will represent a whole-organism response to therapy better than in vitro protein- or cell-based tests. Outcomes include improved screens for chronic disease therapeutics and improved animal models for drug screening. Investigations will use two disparate models for human disease: a transgenic medaka model for malignant melanoma (MM, a deadly human skin cancer), and a mutant zebrafish model for Fanconi anemia (FA, a disease of bone marrow failure that inhibits stem cell proliferation and survival). Aim 1 is to use RNA-seq to identify TDSs that define diseased vs. healthy fish. Aim 2 is to evaluate HTG-Edge and NanoString nCounter for their efficiency in assaying TDSs. Aims 3 and 4 are to conduct pilot screens on MM medaka (Aim 3) and FA zebrafish (Aim 4) to identify compounds that change the TDS from disease to healthy profiles. 'Hits' will be candidates for mechanistic analyses in fish and for safety and efficacy studies in mammals suffering MM and FA disease. Achieving these aims will have an enduring influence on translational research by developing novel but widely applicable drug screen resources and methodologies, as well as improving animal models of human disease and exploiting the advantages of intact-animal screens, thus complementing other screen systems. Results will enhance research infrastructure by outlining best practice protocols for using the innovative concept of transcriptome disease signatures to identify potential therapeutics for human disease and enhance translational research by providing lead compounds for chemical therapies for melanoma and Fanconi anemia.