Language Development and Socialization of deaf children in a Chatino village

描述（由申请人提供）：来自农村、非西方社区的几代大家庭的聋哑和听力儿童的手语发展和社会化过程知之甚少。本项目试图通过对查提诺村聋哑儿童手语发展和社会化的纵向实证调查来填补这一空白。这个名为San Juan Quiahije的村庄及其外围的小村庄Cieneguilla居住着3628名居民中的10名聋哑人，其中包括4名儿童。聋哑人使用查蒂诺手语（CSL），这是一种新兴的手语，与墨西哥城市地区聋哑人使用的传统手语无关。项目的重点儿童为4名听力照顾者的失聪儿童（3个家庭）和4名聋人-听力混合照顾者的正常儿童，即1名聋人父母和1名听力照顾者（3个家庭）；所有儿童的年龄从2岁；0 ~ 6；这些聋人没有接受过任何正规的学校教育，也没有接受过口语技能方面的训练。聋哑人通过广泛的社交网络相互认识。虽然在聋人手语家庭中存在相当大的词汇差异，但由于聋人和听力社区成员之间共享共同语言手势和手势，许多CSL手语重叠。该项目将产生大量的视频和音频记录数据，记录聋哑和听障儿童在日常生活中与家人在CSL中自然的和引出的互动，以及基于连续9个月的实地调查的聋哑和听障儿童手语发展和语言社会化的初步描述。纵向参与者观察，玩具，图片和书籍的启发方法，以及每月一次的半结构化访谈，将用于记录儿童手语学习环境中的语言和交际实践。对6个家庭共6小时的自然数据（3小时）和引出数据（3小时）进行分析，以比较儿童及其成人

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Little is known about the process of sign language development and socialization of deaf and hearing children from extended families of several generations in rural, non-Western communities. This project attempts to fill in the gap with a longitudinal, empirical investigation of sign language development and socialization of deaf and hearing children in a Chatino village. The village, San Juan Quiahije and its outlying hamlet, Cieneguilla, is home to 10 deaf people, including 4 young children, out of a population of 3,628 inhabitants. The deaf people use Chatino Sign Language (CSL), an emerging sign language that is not related to a conventional sign language that is used by deaf people in urban areas of Mexico. The focal children of the project are 4 deaf children of hearing caregivers (3 families) and 4 hearing children of mixed deaf-hearing caregivers, i.e. one deaf parent and one hearing parent (3 families); the ages of all children range from 2;0 to 6;0. The deaf people have not received any formal schooling and have had no training in oral language skills. The deaf people know each other through an extended social network. Although considerable lexical variation exists across families of deaf signers, many CSL signs overlap due to the sharing of co-speech gestures and signs between deaf and hearing community members. The project will produce a large corpus of video- and audio-recorded data of naturalistic and elicited interactions in CSL between deaf and hearing children and their families in their everyday lives, along with a first-pass description of deaf and hearing children's sign language development and language socialization based on 9 consecutive months of fieldwork. Longitudinal participant observations, elicitation methods with toys, pictures, and books, and semi-structured interviews on a monthly basis will be utilized to document language and communicative practices in the sign language-learning environment of the children. A total of six hours of naturalistic data (3 hours) and elicited data (3 hours) from 6 families will be analyzed for comparing the children and their adult caregivers and other high-frequency interactants with respect to (1) communicative behavior including initiation, attention, and gaze and (2) lexical and grammatical structure of the signers' output, for assessing the organization of the communication, types of interactional routines, the sources of input, and the depth and extent of the role of the interactants in the children's development of CSL. Interviews will be conducted to produce rough transcriptions and informed descriptions of samples of conversational events, to prompt metalinguistic discussion of the children's signs, and to prompt discussion of the families' beliefs, attitudes, and knowledge about child-rearing, language and cognitive development, deafness spoken and signed languages, and education. Examining the cultural organization of language and communicative practices, and the social linguistic and environment factors that shape the children's sign language development can provide a better understanding of the children's contribution to the emergence and development of new sign languages.