Preventing Opioid Exposure Training (POET) for First Responders

项目总结/摘要 美国阿片类药物危机，指的是2010年代两种处方药的快速增加， 和非处方阿片类药物滥用在美国，是一个重大的公共卫生问题， 阿片类药物过量死亡人数达到流行病水平，超过了与枪支有关的人数 2016年死亡。虽然海洛因仍然是美国滥用的主要非法阿片类药物，最近戏剧性的 合成类阿片（主要是芬太尼和芬太尼类物质）供应量增加 比吗啡强10,000倍的药物使急救人员面临意外死亡的风险。 过量甚至死亡这些物质的极端效力，可能会意外地 通过皮肤或通过与粘膜接触摄入、吸入或吸收，意味着 即使是很小的意外接触也会对第一个人造成严重威胁， 响应者。反应者不仅在对过量反应时会接触芬太尼， 而且在执行搜查令或逮捕令期间以及在处理毒品或 被污染的非毒品证据社区显然需要产品培训 急救人员如何在履行职责的同时有效保护自己， 提供及时和适当的护理。基于计算机的预防阿片类药物暴露 培训（POET）将是一个创新的学习产品，教导第一反应者关于 阿片类药物暴露的风险以及如何识别和管理工作中的这些风险。培训 参与者将学会识别他们可能遇到潜在危险的警告信号。 基于患者和/或观察到的物质的体征和症状的芬太尼暴露 在现场然后，培训将审查风险评估和个人防护用品的选择， 设备（PPE）和接触后处理、清洁和去污指南。 第一阶段的培训课程将根据公布的接触指南制定 由联邦机构和其他机构，以及与利益攸关方的访谈。这将是 随后对原型进行可用性测试，并对第一个原型进行前后评估。 在培训结束时和三个月后，响应者获得了知识。这将有助于 改变新的培训技术如何推动应急准备的模式， 使用虚拟世界来教急救人员如何识别和管理职业风险。 POET应用程序的潜在商业应用包括执法人员 在地方、州和联邦一级，医疗专业人员（包括EMT、护理人员和 医院工作人员）和其他面临职业阿片类药物暴露风险的反应者。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT The United States opioid crisis, referring to the rapid increase in the 2010s of both prescription and non-prescription opioid abuse in the United States, is a major public health issue, with overdose deaths from opioids reaching epidemic levels, surpassing the number of gun-related deaths in 2016. While heroin remains the main illicit opioid abused in the U.S., a recent dramatic increase in the availability of synthetic opioids (mainly fentanyl and fentanyl-like substances) up to 10,000 times more potent than morphine has placed first responders at risk of accidental overdose and even death. The extreme potency of these substances, which can be accidentally ingested, inhaled, or absorbed through the skin or via contact with mucous membranes, means that accidental contact with even a minuscule amount can pose a severe threat to first responders. Responders can be exposed to fentanyl not only when responding to overdoses, but also during the execution of search or arrest warrants and during the processing of drug or contaminated non-drug evidence. There is a clear need in the community for products to train first responders on how to effectively protect themselves while still performing their duties and providing timely and appropriate care. The computer-based Preventing Opioid Exposure Training (POET) will be an innovative learning product that teaches first responders about the risks of opioid exposures and how to recognize and manage these risks on the job. Training participants will learn to identify warning signs that they may be encountering a potential fentanyl exposure based on the signs and symptoms of a patient and/or the material observed at a scene. Then, the training will review risk assessment and selection of personal protective equipment (PPE) and guidelines for post-exposure treatment, clean-up, and decontamination. For Phase I, the training curriculum will be developed based on exposure guidelines published by federal agencies and other institutions, as well as interviews with stakeholders. This will be followed by usability testing of the prototype as well as a pre- and post-assessment of first responder knowledge gains at the end of training and three months later. This will contribute to shifting the paradigm of how novel training technologies can drive responder preparedness by using virtual worlds to teach first responders how to recognize and manage occupational risks. The potential commercial application of the POET application includes law enforcement officers at the local, state, and federal level, medical professionals (including EMTs, paramedics, and hospital staff), and other responders who face occupational opioid exposure risks.