Cigarette Smoking among American Indian Women Experiencing Intimate Partner Violence

亲密伴侣暴力受害妇女的吸烟率高达70%， 大约是全国妇女的三倍。IPV受害妇女更有可能 患有药物滥用、抑郁、焦虑和创伤后应激障碍--所有这些都是危险因素 因为吸烟。在经历过IPV的女性中，创伤后应激障碍的严重程度与以下因素有关： 尼古丁依赖美国印第安妇女，包括拉科塔部落妇女，经历IPV 30%以上， 其他种族的女性。此外，拉科塔部落妇女的吸烟率是 美国最高，普遍达到和超过50%。吸烟率高， 拉科塔部落妇女的开始年龄伴随着心血管疾病死亡率的上升， 疾病和肺癌是拉科塔部落妇女的主要死因。尽管高 拉科塔部落妇女经历的IPV和吸烟水平，没有研究表明， 探讨IPV与吸烟行为的关系。如果要做出重大努力来帮助IPV- 受害的拉科塔部落妇女戒烟，这是至关重要的审查和文件的背景问题有关 吸烟和IPV在这个特殊的人群中。因此，我们的主要研究目标是记录的观点 IPV受害妇女和战略，可以用来调整干预。我们的具体目标是： AIM 1.采用二级数据分析来评估IPV受害者中吸烟的患病率和相关性 美国印第安女人使用美国印第安人服务利用，精神病学流行病学，风险和 保护因素项目数据我们将进行二次数据分析，以确定 IPV受害的美国印第安妇女吸烟及其相关性。我们预计， IPV受害的美国印第安妇女吸烟者相比，美国印第安妇女的一般样本。 我们预计IPV受害的美国印第安女性吸烟者的PTSD和抑郁症患病率较高 与美国印第安妇女的一般样本相比; AIM 2。评估知识、态度和信念 关于戒烟，共同发生的条件，以及拉科塔部落之间戒烟的障碍 经历过IPV的女性我们将进行15个关键的线人访谈和6个焦点小组， 拉科塔部落妇女谁经历了IPV和以前或现在的吸烟者。主要信息提供者和重点 小组参与者将确定戒烟的障碍和促进因素。创伤后应激障碍， 将讨论焦虑和其他吸烟和药物治疗的触发因素。我们预计， 了解戒烟和AIM 3的重要性。采用参与式方法， 将定性研究结果转化为适应性的、文化上知情的戒烟干预。收集的数据 从我们使用的定性方法，我们将进一步文化和/或情境适应一个著名的美国人， 为IPV受害的拉科塔部落妇女提供印度文化定制的戒烟课程。

Smoking prevalence among intimate partner violence (IPV)-victimized women is as high as 70%, which is approximately three times greater than among women nationally. IPV-victimized women are more likely to suffer from substance use, depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder --all of which are risk factors for smoking. Among women who have experienced IPV, post-traumatic stress disorder severity is related to nicotine dependence. American Indian women, including Lakota Tribal women, experience IPV 30% more than women from any other racial group. Furthermore, smoking prevalence among Lakota Tribal women is amongst the highest in the United States, commonly reaching and exceeding 50%. The high rates of smoking and early age of initiation among Lakota Tribal women are accompanied by rising rates of mortality from cardiovascular disease and lung cancer, which are leading causes of death among Lakota Tribal women. Despite the high levels of IPV and smoking experienced by Lakota Tribal women, there have been no studies that have explored IPV and smoking behavior in this special population. If significant efforts are to be made to help IPV- victimized Lakota Tribal women to quit smoking, it is vital to examine and document contextual issues related to smoking and IPV in this special population. Thus, our primary study objective is to document the viewpoints of IPV-victimized women and strategies that could be used to adapt an intervention. Our Specific Aims are to: AIM 1. Employ a secondary data analysis to assess the prevalence and correlates of smoking in IPV-victimized American Indian women. Using the American Indian Service Utilization, Psychiatric Epidemiology, Risk and Protective Factors Project data we will conduct a secondary data analysis to determine the prevalence of smoking and its correlates in IPV-victimized American Indian women. We expect higher smoking prevalence in IPV-victimized American Indian women smokers compared to a general sample of American Indian women. We expect higher PTSD and depression prevalence in IPV-victimized American Indian women smokers compared to a general sample of American Indian women; AIM 2. Assess knowledge, attitudes and beliefs about smoking cessation, co-occurring conditions, and perceived barriers to quitting among Lakota Tribal women who have experienced IPV. We will conduct 15 key informant interviews and six focus groups with Lakota Tribal women who have experienced IPV and are former or current smokers. Key informant and focus group participants will identify perceived barriers and promoters for quitting. Posttraumatic stress disorder, anxiety and other triggers for smoking and pharmacotherapy will be discussed. We expect that few participants know about the importance of quitting smoking and AIM 3. Use a participatory approach to translate the qualitative findings into an adapted, culturally informed smoking cessation intervention. Using data collected from our use of qualitative methods, we will further culturally- and/or situationally-adapt a well-known American Indian culturally-tailored smoking cessation curriculum for IPV-victimized Lakota Tribal women.