The effect of an electronic cigarette (ECIG) sweetener, sucralose, on ECIG abuse liability

项目总结/摘要 电子香烟（ECIG）是一类新型的烟草产品，其蒸发液体，通常含有 尼古丁，变成使用者吸入的气雾剂。ECIG在美国越来越受欢迎， ECIG使用者报告说，他们经常每天使用这些产品，这表明这些产品可能有类似烟草的滥用 责任。ECIG滥用倾向可能受到影响尼古丁输送的因素的影响，例如设备功率， 液体尼古丁浓度和使用者的抽吸行为如抽吸次数和持续时间（即，抽吸 地形）。另一个可能影响ECIG滥用责任的因素是味道，有超过7,000种独特的 ECIG液体香料在美国市场上有售，其中许多是甜味剂。毫不奇怪，许多 这些液体使用添加的甜味剂如三氯蔗糖。感知甜味增加ECIG吸引力， 可能会增加ECIG滥用责任。目前的研究有两个目的。目标1将使用多种临床滥用 责任评估，以确定一种常见的ECIG液体甜味剂，三氯蔗糖，如何影响ECIG滥用 吸烟者的责任，使用受试者内，拉丁方顺序设计。与会者将来到 临床行为精神药理学研究实验室完成五个会议，包括自己的 品牌香烟阳性对照和四种ECIG条件，所有条件均使用30瓦ECIG，其中填充有液体， 0或6 mg/ml尼古丁，并且未加糖或用三氯蔗糖加糖。滥用责任将被衡量 通过进行比例任务（PRT）、改良CPT、血液尼古丁输送和多个主观状态 措施目标2将研究甜味剂如何影响有毒产量使用膨化行为记录在 目标1.利用回放技术，目标1参与者的烟团地形将用于产生气溶胶 将分析醛类、呋喃类和氯丙醇类。主要假设是：1）PRT 断点将随着液体尼古丁和甜味剂而增加，使得参与者将执行更多的工作 对于使用6 mg/ml甜味液体的喷吹，尽管对于喷吹将观察到最大断点 和2）三氯蔗糖会增加气溶胶毒物，由于热 降解和更长更大的抽吸。结果将解决影响ECIG用户依赖性的因素， 健康风险，并可能告知ECIG法规。此外，目前的提案载有一项全面的 培训计划，将提高申请人在临床行为药理学领域的专业知识， 临床流行病学，药物政策和精神药理学，并将为申请人提供 有机会学习行为经济学，化学毒理学和 流行病学，这将是非常宝贵的，因为他们追求的职业生涯作为一个独立的，多药物滥用研究。

Project Summary/Abstract Electronic cigarettes (ECIGs) are a novel class of tobacco products that vaporize a liquid, often containing nicotine, into an aerosol that users inhale. ECIG popularity is increasing in the US and the growing number of ECIG users reporting frequent, daily use suggests that these products may have tobacco cigarette-like abuse liability. ECIG abuse liability could be influenced by factors that impact nicotine delivery, such as device power, liquid nicotine concentration, and user puffing behavior such as puff number and duration (i.e., puff topography). Another factor that likely influences ECIG abuse liability is flavor, and there are over 7,000 unique ECIG liquid flavors available on the US market many of which are sweet flavors. Not surprisingly, many of these liquids use added sweeteners such as sucralose. Perceived sweetness increases ECIG appeal and thus may enhance ECIG abuse liability. The current study has two aims. Aim 1 will use multiple clinical abuse liability assessments to determine how a common ECIG liquid sweetener, sucralose, influences ECIG abuse liability in cigarette smokers using a within subjects, Latin-square order design. Participants will come to the clinical behavioral psychopharmacology research laboratory to complete five sessions that include an own brand cigarette positive control and four ECIG conditions all using a 30 Watt ECIG filled with liquid that is either 0 or 6 mg/ml nicotine and is either unsweetened or sweetened with sucralose. Abuse liability will be measure via a progressive-ratio task (PRT), modified CPT, blood nicotine delivery, and multiple subjective state measures. Aim 2 will investigate how sweeteners influence toxicant yield using puffing behaviors recorded in Aim 1. Using playback technology, puff topography for participants in Aim 1 will be used to generate aerosols that will be analyzed for aldehydes, furans, and chloropropanols. The primary hypotheses are that 1) PRT breakpoint will increase with liquid nicotine and with sweetener, such that participants will perform more work for puffs when using the 6 mg/ml, sweetened liquid, though the greatest breakpoint will be observed for puffs from own brand cigarettes and 2) that sucralose will increase aerosol toxicants as a result of thermal degradation and longer and larger puffs. Results will address factors influencing ECIG user dependence and health risks and may inform ECIG regulation. Furthermore, the current proposal contains a comprehensive training plan that will advance the applicant's expertise in the areas of clinical behavioral pharmacology, clinical epidemiology, drug policy, and psychopharmacology, and will also provide the applicant with the opportunity to learn new techniques and methodologies in behavioral economics, chemical toxicology, and epidemiology that will be invaluable as they pursue a career as an independent, poly-drug abuse researcher.