Momentary Assessment of Cognitive Bias and its Relation to Adolescent Alcohol Use

项目摘要 对酒精的认知偏见，或视觉上关注和接近酒精线索的自动倾向， 用于预测未成年饮酒者的酒精发作和酒精使用的增加。它被认为 当情境性酒精暗示与有益的酒精使用经历反复配对时， 对这些酒精的暗示。现有的研究表明，偏见与饮酒有关， 年轻人，他们对奖励非常敏感，酒精使用的增加最大， 危险的饮酒水平。然而，认知偏见主要是使用单一的、基于实验室的、 评估。这种方法忽略了关于认知偏差的人内变异性的重要问题 以及它与社会和环境背景的相互作用。特别是青少年和年轻人饮酒 这在很大程度上是一种社交事件，发生在熟悉的环境中，预计认知偏见最强烈 当处于青少年通常所处的社会和物理环境中时。此外，初始 饮酒已被证明会增加认知偏差，预计会加剧 认知偏差和酒精使用扰乱监管过程。它还提供了额外的酒精线索， 进一步的认知偏差。此外，研究急性酒精对认知偏差的影响的研究已经被证实。 仅限于向法律的饮酒年龄的参与者提供酒精。因此，一个关键的发展 错过了酒精使用和奖励敏感性增加的时期。拟议的研究使用瞬间 对认知偏见、背景和酒精使用的评估使我们能够评估酒精对认知的急性影响 对未成年人的偏见这项拟议中的研究使用电子日记来评估认知偏见是否是 更大的饮酒日，它是否预示着更大的饮酒在这些日子里，以及是否上下文提高了 认知偏差对饮酒的影响表明每周饮酒的男性和女性（180名参与者;年龄 18-20岁）将在基线时完成认知偏差的标准人类实验室评估， 日常生活中的短暂评估。这些瞬时评估每天进行三次（在 上午8- 10点，下午2- 4点和晚上7- 9点左右），以及参与者第一次喝酒后。拟议的研究提出， 收集创新数据，以回答关于何时、何地以及如何认知偏见的重要问题。 导致更多的酒精使用。未来的研究寻求最终利用人内的变化， 未成年饮酒者认知偏见的灵活性将大大受益于这一创新，因为它 会告诉他们何时何地进行干预

PROJECT SUMMARY Cognitive bias towards alcohol, or the automatic tendency to visually focus on and approach alcohol cues, has been used to predict alcohol onset and increases in alcohol use among underage drinkers. It is believed to arise when situational alcohol cues are repeatedly paired with rewarding alcohol use experiences, sensitizing individuals to these alcohol cues. Existing research demonstrated that bias is associated with alcohol use in youths, who are very sensitive to reward and experience the greatest increases in alcohol use onset and dangerous drinking levels. However, cognitive bias was largely investigated using single, laboratory-based, assessments. This approach overlooks important questions about the within-person variability of cognitive bias and its interaction with the social and environmental context. Specifically, adolescent and young adult drinking is largely a social affair, taking place in familiar environments, and cognitive bias is expected to be strongest when in the same social and physical environment that adolescents are ordinarily in. Furthermore, initial alcohol use has been shown to increase cognitive bias, and is expected to exacerbate the link between cognitive bias and alcohol use by disrupting regulatory processes. It also offers additional alcohol cues eliciting further cognitive bias. Moreover, studies examining the effect of acute alcohol on cognitive bias have been limited to administering alcohol to participants of legal drinking age. Because of this, a key developmental period of heightened alcohol use and reward sensitivity is missed. The proposed study’s use of momentary assessments of cognitive bias, context and alcohol use allows us to assess acute alcohol effects on cognitive bias in an underage population. The proposed study uses electronic diaries to assess whether cognitive bias is greater on drinking days, whether it predicts greater drinking on those days, and whether context heightens the effect of cognitive bias on drinking. Males and females who indicate weekly alcohol use (180 participants; ages 18-20 years) will complete standard human laboratory assessments of cognitive bias at baseline, and also 17 days of momentary assessments in daily life. These momentary assessments take place three times daily (at around 8-10am, 2-4pm and 7-9pm), as well as after the participant’s first drink. The proposed study offers to gather innovative data that is poised to answer important questions on when, where, and how cognitive bias leads to greater alcohol use. Future studies seeking to ultimately capitalize on the within-person changes and flexibility of cognitive bias among underage drinkers would greatly benefit from this innovation, because it would inform them on when and where to intervene.