Integrating Alcohol Myopia and Objectification to Understand Sexual Assault

摘要 众所周知，性暴力会给妇女造成各种严重的健康问题，包括 创伤后应激障碍、抑郁、药物使用和自杀意念。此外，饮酒与饮酒有千丝万缕的联系 性暴力，大多数性侵犯发生在犯罪者、受害者或两者都有 喝酒。近年来，这一公共卫生问题引起了巨大的研究兴趣， 主要侧重于确定与这一现象有关的广泛风险因素。然而，目前仍不清楚 酒精何时、为什么以及对谁造成性侵或受害。开发新的 与酒精有关的性暴力的病因学模型对于创建有效的方案以减少 性侵风险。针对这一重大需求，本项目整合了以前关于 与酒精相关的性侵犯因素，以及醉酒如何改变注意力和 社会认知增加了性侵犯和受害的风险。具体地说，这 该项目调查了男性犯罪者酒精中毒如何损害注意力能力和 导致知觉领域的缩小，导致将女性视为性对象的非人性化观点 为了男人的快乐，而不是有思想和感情的个人，从而增加了 性侵犯。目前的研究还考察了女性对这种性行为的反应 男性的客观化干扰了性行为中的风险认知，特别是当女性 饮酒，增加了性侵害的可能性。这些主张将在以下两个背景下进行检验 严密控制的实验室研究。总而言之，这些研究将全面测试我们的 建议的酒精涉及性侵犯模型，包括特定情况的机制和关键 性暴力的主持人。该项目的发现将为预防计划提供信息，这些计划可以减少 与酒精有关的有害健康问题涉及性暴力。

Abstract It is well established that sexual violence causes varied and severe health problems for women, including PTSD, depression, substance use, and suicidal ideation. Furthermore, alcohol use is inextricably linked to sexual violence, with the majority of sexual assaults occurring when the perpetrator, victim, or both have been drinking. This public health problem has generated a tremendous amount of research interest in recent years, focused mostly on identifying broad risk factors associated with this phenomenon. Yet, it remains unclear when, why, and for whom alcohol causes sexual assault perpetration or victimization. Developing new etiological models of alcohol-involved sexual violence is critical for the creation of effective programs to reduce sexual assault risk. In response to this significant need, the present project integrates previous research on factors associated with alcohol-involved sexual assault, with research on how intoxication alters attention and social perceptions in ways that increase the risk of sexual aggression and victimization. Specifically, this project examines how alcohol intoxication on the part of a male perpetrator impairs attentional capacity and leads to a narrowing of the perceptual field causing a dehumanizing perspective of women as sexual objects for men's pleasure rather than individuals with thoughts and feelings, thereby increasing the propensity for sexual aggression. The present research also examines whether women's responses to this sexual objectification from men interfere with risk perception in sexual situations, particularly when women are drinking, increasing the likelihood of sexual victimization. These propositions will be tested in the context of two carefully controlled laboratory studies. Together, these studies will provide a comprehensive test of our proposed model of alcohol-involved sexual assault that includes situation-specific mechanisms and key moderators of sexual violence. Findings from this project will inform prevention programs that can reduce the deleterious health problems associated with alcohol-involved sexual violence.