Personality and Health: A Longitudinal Study

项目摘要 越来越多的人面临着年龄分级认知能力下降的风险，并发展为轻度认知能力下降。 损害和阿尔茨海默氏症。每个人的发病时间和认知能力下降的速度各不相同。 与这些风险相关的功能。这种变化的一部分可以通过 个性对人的一生健康的影响。我们这次竞争性更新的首要目标是研究协会 使用寿命人格、健康和健康行为数据研究人格和认知韧性之间的关系 夏威夷人格与健康队列中的寿命。这一多民族群体提供了一个难得的机会 研究人格过程与认知韧性的关系。这项研究始于50多年前， 在参与者还是小学生的时候，对他们进行个性评估。自1998年以来，我们已经 找到并招募参与者进行人格和许多其他心理社会的问卷评估 变量，并在平均年龄50岁时进行了广泛的基线医学和心理检查。vbl.使用 这些数据，我们已经证明了儿童人格与主客观之间的联系 中年时的健康状况。在60岁时对一半的患者进行为期十年的随访检查已接近完成 样本。在该项目的下一个规划阶段，主要活动将是完成后续医疗 在基线后大约10年，对我们的样本进行平均年龄60岁的心理检查 对所有符合条件的参与者(N=400)进行检查。儿童期人格和人格变化(自 从童年到成年，再加上成年后的性格变化)将被用来预测认知风险 平均年龄60岁的损害，以及在四年中每年评估的认知功能变化。 此外，我们还将研究平均年龄从50岁到60岁的身体健康和认知功能的变化 各种健康指标和措施。此外，我们将研究被认为是 解释了个性和对认知衰退的适应能力之间的联系，我们将以独特的方式做到这一点 在一项跨越50多年的纵向研究的背景下。这些机制基于行为 (饮食、运动、烟酒使用、日晒)和生物学(端粒长度、线粒体 功能、氧化应激、生物年龄)，这些过程已被假设为基础的联系 人格和对认知障碍的恢复力之间的关系。该项目将生成证据以指导 基于个性的干预，特别是通过建议哪些特质和特质机制最相关 儿童时期和中年时期(例如，小学时期的特质责任心、 中年)。此外，该项目还解决了亚裔美国人和美国人代表不足的问题。 与健康相关的科学研究中的夏威夷原住民或其他太平洋岛民祖先。

Project Summary An increasing number of people are exposed to age graded cognitive declines that develop into mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Individuals vary in the time of onset, and the rate of decline in cognitive functioning associated with these risks. A portion of this variation can be captured by the influence of personality on health over the lifespan. Our overarching aim for this competing renewal is to study associations between personality and cognitive resilience using lifespan personality, health, and health behavior data over the lifespan, in the Hawaii Personality and Health Cohort. This multiethnic cohort provides a rare opportunity to investigate personality processes in relation to cognitive resilience. The study began over 50 years ago with personality assessments of the participants when they were elementary school children. Since 1998, we have located and recruited participants for questionnaire assessments of personality and many other psychosocial variables, and conducted an extensive baseline medical and psychological examination at mean age 50. Using these data, we have demonstrated associations between childhood personality and subjective and objective health outcomes at midlife. A ten-year follow-up examination at age 60 is nearly complete for half of the sample. In this next planned phase of the project, the primary activity will be to complete the follow-up medical and psychological examination of our sample at mean age 60, approximately 10 years after the baseline examination, on all eligible participants (N = 400). Childhood personality and personality change (from childhood to adulthood, plus personality change in adulthood) will be used to predict risk of cognitive impairment at mean age 60, and changes in cognitive functioning assessed annually over a span of four years. We will additionally study change in physical health and cognitive functioning from mean age 50 to 60 using a variety of health indicators and measures. Furthermore, we will examine the main mechanisms thought to account for associations between personality and resilience to cognitive declines, and we shall do so uniquely in the context of a longitudinal study spanning over 5-decades. These mechanisms are based on behavioral (diet, exercise, tobacco and alcohol use, sun exposure) and biological (telomere length, mitochondrial functioning, oxidative stress, biological age) processes which have been hypothesized to underlie associations between personality and resilience to cognitive impairment. This project will generate evidence to guide personality based interventions, in particular by suggesting which traits and trait mechanisms are most relevant in childhood and at midlife (e.g., trait conscientiousness in elementary school, health-behavior mechanisms at midlife). In addition, this project addresses the gross under-representation of Asian-Americans and those of Native-Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander ancestry in health-related scientific research.