Effects of Aging on Mind-Body Connections

项目摘要/摘要。已有研究表明，慢性压力会严重影响长期情绪和心理健康 身体健康。在这个社会中，近75%的美国人报告的压力水平超过了他们 考虑健康(美国心理协会，2015)，更好地理解促成因素 有效的压力调节是必要的。压力-生理一致性是个体差异的衡量标准 主观体验与应激状态下外周生理活动的关系 已被证明是心理和身体健康的重要相关因素(SommerFeldt，Schaefer， Brauer，Ryff，&Davidson，2019)。这项拟议的项目旨在更好地理解神经基础和 应激-生理学一致性对衰老应激调节的重要性。以前专门调查过的工作 压力-心率一致性，主观压力和心率之间的个体内联系 包括计算机化认知应激源任务的压力诱导范式的课程(SommerFeldt等人，2019年)。 作为美国第二次中年浪潮的一部分，超过1,000名参与者完成了这一范例 项目(MIDUS；www.midus.witc.edu)。压力-心率一致性与 心理幸福感，并与通常与幸福感降低有关的因素成反比，包括 焦虑、抑郁以及促炎标记物白介素6和C反应蛋白的水平。此外， 压力-心率一致性与否认应对呈负相关，这表明至少在某些情况下 个人，低压力-心率一致性可能是由于否认自己的感觉和/或现实 压力源。年龄与压力-心率一致性也呈负相关，因此年龄较大的参与者有 他们的主观压力和心率之间的联系较弱。随年龄增长而发生的身体变化 可以影响身心联系和情感状态的体验(Berry Mendes，2010)。这 心理和身体状态之间的联系减弱的标志是较低的压力-心脏 对老年人的一致性进行评级。使用来自更多MIDUS队列的数据，拟议的项目旨在1) 建立应激-心率一致性的功能和结构神经关联，2)确定与年龄相关的 情感偏向的差异和应激-心率一致性的神经相关性，以及3)确定纵向 与幸福感相关的压力-心率一致性和方向性的变化。这项研究将有助于 在神经成像数据分析、写作、公共演讲和指导方面提供宝贵的培训机会 威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校心理学博士研究生，同时也建立了神经 这一重要的个体差异测量指标--压力-生理一致性的相关性。该项目将通知 压力-生理一致性是否与中性刺激的情感偏向有关，特别是在衰老方面， 以及个体差异和压力-生理一致性可能通过的潜在途径 在整个生命周期内保持不变。

Project Summary/Abstract. Chronic stress has been shown to critically impact long-term emotional and physical health. In a society where nearly 75% of Americans report stress at levels that exceed what they consider healthy (American Psychological Association, 2015), better understanding of the factors that contribute to effective stress regulation is needed. Stress-physiology coherence is an individual difference measure of the association between subjective experience and peripheral physiological activity under stress, which has recently been shown to be an important correlate of both psychological and physical well-being (Sommerfeldt, Schaefer, Brauer, Ryff, & Davidson, 2019). This proposed project seeks to better understand the neural underpinnings and importance of stress-physiology coherence for stress regulation in aging. Previous work specifically investigated stress-heart rate coherence, the within-individual association between subjective stress and heart rate over the course of a stress-induction paradigm involving computerized cognitive stressor tasks (Sommerfeldt et al., 2019). Over 1,000 participants completed this paradigm as part of the second wave of the Midlife in the United States project (MIDUS; www.midus.wisc.edu). Stress-heart rate coherence was positively associated with psychological well-being, and inversely associated with factors commonly linked to reduced well-being, including anxiety, depression, and levels of pro-inflammatory markers interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein. Furthermore, stress-heart rate coherence was inversely associated with denial coping, suggesting that for at least some individuals, low stress-heart rate coherence may be due to denying one’s own feelings and/or the reality of stressors. Age was also inversely associated with stress-heart rate coherence, such that older participants had a weaker association between their subjective stress and their heart rate. Bodily changes that occur with aging can influence mind-body connections and the experience of affective states (Berry Mendes, 2010). This weakening of the connection between mental and physical states is signified by findings of lower stress-heart rate coherence in older individuals. Using data from additional MIDUS cohorts, the proposed project aims to 1) Establish the functional and structural neural correlates of stress-heart rate coherence, 2) Identify age-related differences in affective biasing and neural correlates of stress-heart rate coherence, and 3) Ascertain longitudinal changes in stress-heart rate coherence and directionality with relation to well-being. This research will facilitate valuable training opportunities in neuroimaging data analysis, writing, public speaking, and mentoring for a doctoral student in Psychology at the University of Wisconsin – Madison while also establishing the neural correlates of this important individual difference measure, stress-physiology coherence. The project will inform whether stress-physiology coherence is associated with affective biasing of neutral stimuli, particularly in aging, as well as individual differences and potential routes through which stress-physiology coherence may be maintained across the lifespan.