Reanimating paralyzed hands using an implantable, brain-controlled functional electrical stimulation neuroprosthesis

项目摘要 这项研究的长期目标是使用完全植入式脑控 功能性电刺激神经假体，供脊髓损伤患者随时使用。整体 这一建议是实现长期目标的下一步，其目的是提出一个 在非人类灵长类动物中植入脑控制的手神经假体，使功能恢复到瘫痪状态 肌肉组织通过电刺激，并不牺牲性能。以前的脑控 功能性电刺激神经假体需要数百根电线连接到计算机塔上 其以对于便携性来说不合理的速率消耗功率以获得所呈现的解码器性能， 神经假体的使用仅限于实验室（Bouton等人，2016; Ajiboye等人，2017）。中央 假设300- 1，000 Hz尖峰带功率（SBP）功能将允许安全植入功率水平 同时保持30 kSps阈值交叉的解码性能。建议的理由 研究表明，15倍的带宽减少超过传统的记录范例和单一单位的特异性 的SBP显著降低了提取特征所需的功率，而不会降低单个单元的性能。在 第一个目标是在嵌入式平台上开发一种低功耗的多自由度解码方法。 欧文等人证明，SBP可以高性能地预测开环手指位置（欧文等人，2016）。 然而，猴子执行单自由度两个目标获取任务。目前尚不清楚， SBP在解码复杂动作时将保持高性能。因此，SBP将用于 在图1所示的低功耗嵌入式设备上解码更复杂的中心向外多指任务， Bullard，Nason等人，2018（提交中）。假设SBP解码器的性能优于阈值 即使在嵌入式设备上，也可以在闭环多指任务中交叉解码器。第二个目的 目的是利用嵌入式神经元研究手部肌肉的闭环功能性电刺激， 信号处理器和网络神经假体在非人类灵长类动物。到目前为止，网络 凯斯西储大学开发的神经假体无法提供直观的多重功能 手指控制颈段脊髓损伤患者。假设需要大脑接口来 使网络神经假体直观，但目前还没有完全植入的解决方案。所述设备从 第一个目标将用于呈现准备用于人类临床试验的可植入手神经假体。的 这项工作的贡献，预计将是一个可植入的，直观的，脑控制的功能性电气 刺激手神经假体使脊髓损伤患者恢复一定的独立性。这一贡献 将是重要的，因为它将提供一个手神经假体，病人可以带回家， 时间利用在研究人员看来，拟议的研究是创新的，因为它是第一个系统， 能够使用比标准小一个数量级的功率来获取特定于单个单元的信号。

Project Summary The long-term goal of this study is to reanimate paralyzed hands using a fully implantable brain-controlled functional electrical stimulation neuroprosthesis for spinal cord injured patients to use at any time. The overall objective of this proposal, which is the next step toward attainment of the long-term goal, is to present an implantable brain-controlled hand neuroprosthesis in non-human primates that returns function to paralyzed musculature through electrical stimulation and does not sacrifice performance. Previous brain-controlled functional electrical stimulation neuroprostheses required hundreds of wires connected to towers of computers that consume power at rates unreasonable for portability to obtain the presented decode performance, rendering usage of the neuroprostheses restricted to the laboratory (Bouton et al. 2016, Ajiboye et al. 2017). The central hypothesis is that the 300-1,000 Hz spiking band power (SBP) feature will allow safely implantable power levels while maintaining the decode performance of 30 kSps threshold crossings. The rationale of the proposed research is that the 15x bandwidth reduction over conventional recording paradigms and single unit specificity of SBP dramatically cut the power needed to extract features without any loss in single-unit performance. In the first aim, a low-power multiple degree of freedom decoding method will be developed on an embedded platform. Irwin et al. demonstrated that SBP can predict open-loop finger position with high performance (Irwin et al. 2016). However, the monkey performed a single degree of freedom two target acquisition task. It remains unknown if SBP will maintain high performance when decoding complex movements. Consequently, SBP will be used to decode the more complicated center-out multiple finger task on the low-power embedded device presented in Bullard, Nason et al. 2018 (in submission). It is hypothesized that SBP decoders will perform better than threshold crossing decoders in closed-loop multiple finger tasks, even on the embedded device. The purpose of the second aim is to investigate closed-loop functional electrical stimulation of hand muscles using the embedded neural signal processor and the Networked Neuroprosthesis in a non-human primate. To date, the Networked Neuroprosthesis developed at Case Western Reserve University has been unable to provide intuitive multiple finger control to cervical level spinal cord injury patients. It is hypothesized that a brain interface is required to make the Networked Neuroprosthesis intuitive, but there exists no fully implantable solution yet. The device from the first aim will be used to present an implantable hand neuroprosthesis ready for human clinical trials. The contribution of this work is expected to be an implantable, intuitive, brain-controlled functional electrical stimulation hand neuroprosthesis to return some independence to spinal cord injured patients. This contribution will be significant because it will provide a hand neuroprosthesis that patients can take home with them for full- time use. The proposed research is innovative, in the opinion of the researchers, because it is the first system capable of acquiring signals specific to single units using an order of magnitude less power than the standard.