CENTERS OF EXCELLENCE FOR INFLUENZA RESEARCH AND SURVEILLANCE (CEIRS): UNIVERSAL INFLUENZA RESEARCH EFFORTS

--开展国际和国内动物监测计划，重点是病毒学、流行病学和疾病监测，重点是快速鉴定具有大流行潜力的流感病毒。这包括开发和/或维护一个网络，该网络能够对动物中发现的流感病毒进行快速生物学、分子学和血清学表征，包括但不限于水生和陆生鸟类、野生鸟类、活动物市场以及为甲型流感病毒亚型重配和与人类密切接触提供更多机会的其他环境。其他感兴趣的领域包括但不限于与动物密切接触的人的血清监测研究、动物致病性研究、候鸟在流感病毒传播中的作用以及动物控制措施的有效性。 确定影响流感病毒进化、出现、传播和致病性的分子、生态和/或环境因素，包括对具有大流行潜力的动物流感病毒的研究，并描述对流感感染和/或疫苗接种的免疫反应，以提高对保护和交叉保护的免疫相关性的理解。

-- To carry out an international and domestic animal surveillance program focused on virologic, epidemiologic, and disease surveillance with emphasis on the rapid characterization of influenza viruses with pandemic potential. This includes the development and/or maintenance of a network capable of rapid biological, molecular and serological characterization of influenza viruses identified in animals, including but not limited to aquatic and land-based birds, wild birds, live animal markets, and other settings that provide enhanced opportunities for the reassortment of influenza A virus subtypes and close contact with humans. Additional areas of interest include, but are not limited to, serosurveillance studies of humans in close contact with animals, pathogenicity studies in animals, the role of migratory birds in the spread of influenza viruses, and the effectiveness of animal control measures. -- To determine the molecular, ecologic and/or environmental factors that influence the evolution, emergence, transmission and pathogenicity of influenza viruses, including studies on animal influenza viruses with pandemic potential and to characterize the immune response to influenza infection and/or vaccination to improve understanding of the immune correlates of protection and cross-protection.