Sexual Orientation/Gender Identity, Socioeconomic Status, and Health across the Life Course

摘要 这一竞争性修订将支持扩大性取向的样本纳入标准， 性别认同、社会经济地位与终生健康研究(SOGI-SES； 1R01HD087365-01A1)。SOGI-SES研究正在开发和管理一项网络调查，估计 2444名性和性别少数群体受访者，以及1500名顺性异性恋者，在 全国青少年到成人健康(ADD Health)第五波计划项目样本的纵向研究。至 Date，Add Health已经完成了一次在校访问，四次在家访问，以及一次基于网络的采访 在1994-95年的研究开始时，大约20,000名美国青少年的全国代表性样本是 在7-12年级，SOGI-SES项目的总体目标是捕捉和传播社会经济和 与性和性别少数群体的健康和发展有关的发展里程碑信息。 尽管SES对健康很重要，但关于影响资源和压力的因素的知识 性少数群体和性别少数群体是不完整的，很大程度上是因为缺乏适当和高 高质量数据。在SOGI-SES研究中，性取向认同和性别认同被用来定义 用于抽样目的的性少数群体和性别少数群体(预期总人数为80%，答复率=3155)。 在这次修订中，我们建议扩大样本纳入标准，以涵盖患有以下疾病的个人 不符合性别表达和/或具有不和谐的终身性伙伴关系和性取向 身份(即始终如一地认为自己是“完全异性恋”，但自称是同性伴侣的人)。 基于V波数据，我们估计这两个群体中有722个独特的个体。假设回复率为80% 有了这一补充，我们将在最初建议的样本基础上增加578名受访者。不断增长的 研究表明，性别表达不一致与暴力风险增加有关， 骚扰、较差的心理健康和与就业相关的不平等。文学作品也表明， 性别不一致是一种明显的耻辱，与同性相比，它对心理健康的影响可能更大 性取向。不和谐的异性恋身份和同性行为也与 心理健康状况较差，可能是因为隐藏的压力。将我们的样本扩大到包括这些 重要的和未被研究的群体将通过提供独特的 关于被跟踪了20多年的少数民族的信息，从青春期到成年期， 以及最初没有根据性取向、性别认同或性别被选入Add Health的人 表情。该项目将测试来自少数群体压力理论的假设，以了解其含义 心理健康的发展和社会经济因素。扩大抽样标准将使我们能够 通过提供有关性别、性别表达、性 性取向、同性伴侣关系及其对社会经济地位和健康的贡献。

ABSTRACT This competing revision would support expansion of the sample inclusion criteria of the Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity, Socioeconomic Status, and Health Across the Life Course Study (SOGI-SES; 1R01HD087365-01A1). The SOGI-SES study is developing and administering a web survey to an estimated subset of 2444 sexual and gender minority respondents, as well as 1500 cisgender heterosexuals, in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) Wave V Program Project sample. To date, Add Health has completed one in-school, four in-home, and one web-based waves of interviews with a nationally representative sample of approximately 20,000 US adolescents who, at study entry in 1994-95, were in grades 7-12.The overall goal of the SOGI-SES project is to capture and disseminate socioeconomic and developmental milestone information pertinent to the health and development of sexual and gender minorities. Despite the importance of SES to health, knowledge about factors that pattern resources and strains across sexual and gender minority groups is incomplete, largely because of the absence of appropriate and high quality data. In the SOGI-SES study, sexual orientation identity and gender identity were to be used to define sexual and gender minorities (SGMs) for sampling purposes (total expected n with 80% response rate = 3155). In this revision we propose to expand the sample inclusion criteria to encompass individuals with nonconforming gender expression and/or with discordant lifetime sexual partnering and sexual orientation identity (i.e., individuals who consistently identify as “completely heterosexual,” but report same-sex partners). Based on Wave V data we estimate 722 unique individuals in these two groups. Assuming an 80% response rate, with this supplement we would add 578 respondents to our originally proposed sample. A growing body of research suggests that nonconforming gender expression is associated with increased risk of violence and harassment, poorer mental health, and employment-related inequities. Literature has also indicated that gender nonconformity, a visible stigma, may be even more relevant for psychological health than same-sex sexual orientation. Discordant heterosexual identity and same-sex behavior has also been associated with poorer mental health, possibly due to the stress of concealment. Expanding our sample to include these important and understudied groups will substantially enhance the SOGI-SES project by providing unique information about minorities who have been followed for more than 20 years, from adolescence into adulthood, and who were not originally selected into Add Health based on sexual orientation, gender identity, or gender expression. The project will test hypotheses derived from Minority Stress Theory to understand the implications of developmental and socioeconomic factors for mental health. Expanded sampling criteria will enable us to enhance the field by providing new information about the intersections of gender, gender expression, sexual orientation, and same-sex partnering and their contributions to socioeconomic status and health.