Uncovering the rules of gut microbiome strain transmission

项目总结 作为生物科学家，甚至作为受过教育的社会的一员，我们都对 基本概念，即我们的健康的某些方面受到我们从我们的 父母。我们也越来越意识到，我们的身体表面，从皮肤到肠道，都藏有微生物 这些菌株也会影响我们的健康。鉴于最近的发现，这些微生物中的许多都是稳定的 被殖民了几十年，并且是在早期生命中获得的，也许并不令人惊讶的是， 你体内的微生物很可能是你小时候从父母和/或兄弟姐妹那里获得的 并在你的肠道中保持到今天，在过去的许多年里潜在地影响你的健康。在……里面 此外，我们还没有找到明确的证据表明两个不相关的细菌之间存在共生的肠道微生物菌株 个体在极端情况下进行微生物转移，如粪便微生物区系移植。 鉴于微生物菌株在全基因组水平上的极端独特性和每个菌株的稀有性 变异的粪便微生物区系移植和家庭共享的微生物是获得 准确跟踪和推断微生物传播和分享的基本原理。我们认为这项研究将解决 在我们对肠道微生物区系的基础科学知识中，一个重要的、尚未解决的缺口。就像追踪 经典急性病原微生物在疾病预防和治疗中发挥着关键作用，揭示了 非急性病原体微生物共享和传播的基本原则可以使新的工具成为可能 量化疾病风险，了解家族性微生物菌株分担疾病风险的重要性， 操纵肠道微生物区系以改善健康，并最终可能使疾病预防成为可能 通过有控制地监测或治疗性添加微生物来限制疾病风险。

PROJECT SUMMARY As biological scientists and even as members of an educated society, we all have some familiarity with the fundamental concept that some aspects of our health are influenced by the set of genes we obtained from our parents. We are also increasingly aware that our body surfaces, from our skin to our intestine, harbor microbial strains that also influence our health. Given recent discoveries that many of these microbes are stably colonized for decades and are acquired in early life, it is perhaps unsurprising that some proportion of the microbes inside you right now were likely acquired from your parents and/or siblings when you were a child and maintained in your intestine to this day, potentially influencing your health for these past many years. In addition, we have yet to find clear evidence of a commensal gut microbial strain shared between two unrelated individuals outside of extreme circumstances of microbial transfer such as fecal microbiota transplantation. Given the extreme uniqueness of microbial strains at the whole genome level and the rarity of each strain variant, fecal microbiota transplantation and familial-shared microbes represent the most efficient route to accurately track and infer basic principles of microbial transmission and sharing. We feel this study will address an important, unaddressed gap in our basic science knowledge of the gut microbiota. Just as tracking of classical acute pathogenic microbes plays a key role in disease prevention and treatment, uncovering the basic principles of microbial sharing and transmission for non-acute pathogen microbes could enable new tools to quantify disease risk, to understand the importance of the familial microbial strain sharing in disease risk, to manipulate the gut microbiota to improve health, and ultimately perhaps to enable the prevention of disease through controlled monitoring or therapeutic addition of microbes that limit disease risk.