Isolating and mitigating sequentially dependent perceptual errors in clinical visual search

项目摘要 当查看x光时，放射科医生通常被要求定位肿瘤(如果存在)，并 对它进行分类，判断它的大小、阶级、地位等。重要的是，在这项任务中，放射科医生 每天检查成百上千张X光片，一张接一张地看几张照片 其他的。这项任务的一个主要基本假设是放射科医生对 目前的X射线完全不受先前事件的影响。最近的结果表明，事实并非如此： 我们的感知和决定受到我们过去的视觉经验的强烈偏见。虽然是连续的 依赖被认为是一种有目的的机制，以实现我们的 否则，嘈杂的视觉输入、序列依赖关系在日常生活中扮演着至关重要且有害的角色 由放射科医生完成的任务。例如，含有肿瘤的x光可被归类为良性。 取决于先前看到的X射线的含量。考虑到连载的重要性和影响 临床任务的依赖性，在本提案中，我们计划(1)建立、(2)确定和(3)减轻 在肿瘤搜索任务中，一系列效应决定我们感知和决策的条件。 在目标1中，我们将在四个不同的临床相关领域建立系列效应的存在： 肿瘤检测、肿瘤分类、肿瘤位置和识别速度。在目标2中，我们计划 确定视觉连续依赖影响肿瘤搜索的特定边界条件 在放射学方面。在目标3中，一旦我们完全理解了目标2中的这些边界条件，我们将 提出一系列任务和刺激操作，以控制和减轻 视觉序列依赖于肿瘤搜索。作为这些操作的结果，视觉搜索 应以可衡量的方式(检测、分类、位置、速度)改进性能。目标3是 尤其重要，因为它将使我们能够提出新的指导方针，从而极大地改善肿瘤 在X射线图像中进行识别，使这项任务更加有效和可靠。总而言之， 目标1、2和3中提议的研究将使我们能够建立、识别和减轻有害的 放射学搜索任务中的系列依赖关系的影响，这可能对 世界各地患者的健康和福祉。 好了！ 好了！ 好了！

Project Summary When looking at an x-ray, radiologists are typically asked to localize a tumor (if present), and to classify it, judging its size, class, position and so on. Importantly, during this task, radiologists examine on a daily basis hundreds and hundreds of x-rays, seeing several images one after the other. A main underlying assumption of this task is that radiologists’ percepts and decisions on a current X-ray are completely independent of prior events. Recent results showed that this is not true: our perception and decisions are strongly biased by our past visual experience. Although serial dependencies were proposed to be a purposeful mechanism to achieve perceptual stability of our otherwise noisy visual input, serial dependencies play a crucial and deleterious role in the everyday task performed by radiologists. For example, an x-ray containing a tumor can be classified as benign depending on the content of the previously seen x-ray. Given the importance and the impact of serial dependencies in clinical tasks, in this proposal, we plan to (1) establish, (2) identify and (3) mitigate the conditions under which serial effects determine our percepts and decisions in tumor search tasks. In Aim 1, we will establish the presence of serial effects in four different clinically relevant domains: tumor detection, tumor classification, tumor position and recognition speed. In Aim 2, we plan to identify the specific boundary conditions under which visual serial dependence impacts tumor search in radiology. In Aim 3, once we will fully understand these boundary conditions in Aim 2, we will propose a series of task and stimulus manipulations to control and mitigate the deleterious effects of visual serial dependence on tumor search. As a result of these manipulations, visual search performance should improve in measurable ways (detection, classification, position, speed). Aim 3 is particularly crucial because it will allow us to propose new guidelines which will greatly improve tumor recognition in x-ray images, making this task even more effective and reliable. Taken together, the proposed studies in Aim 1, 2, and 3 will allow us to establish, identify, and mitigate the deleterious effect of serial dependencies in radiological search tasks, which could have a significant impact on the health and well-being of patients everywhere. ! ! !