Effect of drugs of abuse on CNS HIV-1 reservoirs and neuropathogenesis
Effect of drugs of abuse on CNS HIV-1 reservoirs and neuropathogenesis
批准号:
9926378
负责人:
GANJAM V KALPANA
金额:
$0.58万
依托单位国家:
美国
项目类别:
财政年份:
2016
资助国家:
美国
项目状态:
已结题
起止时间:
2016-09-01 至 2021-07-31
关键词:
AIDS/HIV problemAnatomyAnti-Retroviral AgentsAstrocytesAutomationAutopsyBiological AssayBiological ModelsBlood - brain barrier anatomyBrainCD4 Positive T LymphocytesCannabisCell Culture TechniquesCell LineCell modelCellsCocaineConsumptionDevelopmentDrug ScreeningDrug abuseFrequenciesFutureGenetic TranscriptionGoalsHIVHIV-1HumanIllicit DrugsImmunofluorescence ImmunologicIn VitroIndividualInfectionKineticsKnowledgeMeasuresMethamphetamineMethodsMicrogliaModelingNational NeuroAids Tissue ConsortiumNatureNeuraxisNeuropathogenesisPatientsPopulationProteinsProvirusesRNAReactionRecording of previous eventsResolutionRestRoleSamplingScanningShockSlideSolidSpeedTestingTimeTissuesViralViral Load resultVirusbasecell typedrug of abuseillicit drug usemacrophagememory CD4 T lymphocytemethamphetamine effectmonocytenovelpatient populationperipheral bloodpreventreactivation from latencyresponsesingle moleculespecific biomarkerstool
中文摘要
项目摘要
本申请的长期目标是研究持续存在于CNS中的HIV-11储库,
非法药物在建立和重新激活潜在储存库方面的作用。潜伏感染细胞的持续存在
中枢神经系统中的HIV-1感染是根除HIV-1的主要障碍。目前消除潜在水库的战略包括
这是一种“休克和杀死”疗法,针对的是外周血,而外周血仅占总储存量的1%。
目前,是否有可能设想类似的策略来根除HIV感染的CNS细胞,
未知 除了缺乏关于CNS HIV+细胞中潜伏期的知识以及潜伏期的影响外,
逆转剂、HIV感染人群中常见的非法药物构成了进一步的复杂性。许多
已知非法药物会刺激HIV-1复制。由于目前测量外周血的方法
HIV储库不适用于实体组织或复制不良的细胞,如巨噬细胞、小胶质细胞
和星形胶质细胞。 我们已经开发了一种新的,单细胞单分子,多重,
免疫荧光(IF)和基于RNA FISH的检测(SMIRA),以检测HIV-11活跃的细胞
复制 使用自动化,可以扫描大量细胞。 在本提案中,我们将采用
一种新的方法,首先定量和表征细胞系模型中的潜伏期,然后是大脑中的潜伏库
衍生的小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞,并描绘了三种滥用药物(甲基苯丙胺,可卡因
和大麻)对潜伏细胞形成效率、潜伏细胞再活化速率的影响,以及
建立血脑屏障潜伏期。提出了三个目标。在目标1中,我们将研究
通过体外和体外实验,
潜伏期的体内模型。 首先,我们将使用永生化的人单核细胞和小胶质细胞系来研究
使用SMIRA的再活化动力学和METH、可卡因和大麻对再活化的影响。
随后将使用原代CNS细胞进行类似研究。在目标2中,我们将研究非法药物的作用
关于在穿过BBB的CNS细胞中建立HIV储库。使用SMIRA检测HIV-11+细胞,我们将
确定滥用药物、抗逆转录病毒药物和添加LRA的相对效应,以确定潜伏期
在BBB。在目标3中,我们将研究非法药物对HIV-1感染者中枢神经系统HIV储库的影响。
使用来自有或无非法药物使用史的HIV阳性个体的脑尸检样本(来自
曼哈顿脑库(NNTC),我们将描述小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞潜伏细胞的相对频率
使用SMIRA和最新技术,
高速/分辨率的全载玻片扫描仪,PerkinElmer Pannoramic 250 Flash II。我们将研究
药物滥用对再激活率的影响 拟议的研究将提供宝贵的研究工具
建立和重新激活CNS潜伏期,并提供药物筛选试验
在未来消灭这些潜伏的细胞。
英文摘要
Project summary
The long term goal of this application is to study HIV-1 reservoirs that persist in CNS and to understand
the role of illicit drugs in establishing and reactivating the latent reservoirs. Persistence of latently infected cells
in CNS poses a major barrier for HIV-1 eradication. Current strategies to eliminate the latent reservoirs include
a “shock and kill” therapy and is aimed at peripheral blood, which constitutes only 1% of the total reservoirs.
Whether it is possible to envision similar strategies for the eradication of HIV-infected CNS cells is currently
unknown. In addition to the lack of knowledge about latency in CNS HIV+ cells and the effects of latency
reversing agents, illicit drugs common within the HIV-infected populations constitute a further complexity. Many
illicit drugs are known to stimulate HIV-1 replication. Since the current method to measure the peripheral blood
HIV reservoir is not applicable to solid tissues or to cells that replicate poorly such as macrophages, microglia
and astrocytes found in the brain. We have developed a novel, Single cell-single molecule, Multiplex,
Immunofluorescence (IF) and RNA FISH-based Assay (SMIRA) to detect cells in which HIV-1 is actively
replicating. Using automation, a large number of cells can be scanned. In this proposal, we will employ this
novel method to first quantitate and characterize latency in cell line models, then the latent reservoirs in brain
derived microglia and astrocytes and delineate the effect of three drugs of abuse (methamphetamine, cocaine
and cannabis) on the efficiency of formation of latent cells, the rate of reactivation of latent cells, and
establishment of latency across blood-brain-barrier (BBB). Three Aims are proposed. In Aim 1, we will study
the role of illicit drugs on the reactivation of latently infected CNS-derived cells by establishing in vitro and ex
vivo models of latency. First, we will employ immortalized human monocyte and microglial cell lines to study
the kinetics of reactivation and the effect of METH, Cocaine and cannabis on the reactivation using SMIRA.
This will be followed by similar studies using a primary CNS cells. In Aim 2, we will study the role of illicit drugs
on the establishment of HIV reservoirs in CNS cells across BBB. Using SMIRA to detect HIV-1+ cells, we will
determine the relative effect of drugs of abuse, antiretrovirals and the addition of LRAs to establish latency
across BBB. In Aim 3, we will study the effect of illicit drugs on CNS HIV reservoirs in HIV-infected individuals.
Employing brain autopsy samples from HIV+ individuals with or without illicit drug use history (from the
Manhattan Brain Bank (NNTC), we will characterize the relative frequency of microglial and astrocyte latent cell
reservoirs in which HIV-1 is actively replicating vs. those that are latent, using SMIRA and state-of-the-art,
high-speed/resolution whole slide scanner, the PerkinElmer Pannoramic 250 Flash II. We will study the effect
of drug abuse on the rates of reactivation. The proposed studies will provide valuable tools to study
establishment and reactivation of CNS latency in response to illicit drugs and provides a drug screening assay
to eradicate these latent cells in the future.
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