“Does getting older signal improved mood repair for people with early-onset mood disorder histories? A longitudinal study of outcomes and mechanisms across middle age.”

摘要 此应用程序响应RFA-MH-17-405成人成熟变化和情感功能障碍 调控正如RFA所指出的，（对大多数人来说）衰老与情感幸福感的增加有关， 情绪稳定和积极倾向虽然这些成熟的变化被认为反映了改善 情绪调节技巧（如减轻悲伤情绪的更好方法），情绪调节的文献 战略和年龄是明确的模棱两可。此外，我们对成熟期的变化何时发生知之甚少 由于缺乏纵向研究和使用的设计，对比高度不同的年龄组。 目前还不清楚精神病理学如何影响与情感有关的技能的假定成人成熟变化。 我们建议建立在一个独特的样本的Ss，异质性方面的风险抑郁症，谁 (in先前的研究）在18-35岁以上的年龄段反复报告他们的情绪健康以及他们如何 减轻悲伤/痛苦（情绪修复）;他们的自主神经系统（ANS）功能与 情感处理也通过周边措施进行评估。我们建议重新评估n=225例有病史的患者 的诊断抑郁症和n=200没有抑郁症的历史，从而扩大了数据库 59岁以下，覆盖中年。我们将从18岁开始识别特质情绪修复的潜在轨迹， 到59岁，并确定其相关性和个性，治疗暴露和ANS的影响 生理功能对阶级成员的影响我们还将在实验室中检测修复情绪的能力 通过两种适应性认知调节策略：注意力重新聚焦和中性重新评价。最后我们将 使用一种新的实验程序（认知努力折扣范式或COG-ED）， 认知努力的主观成本（涉及执行任务的成本效益计算），以检查 情感负荷对基于努力决策的影响我们将测试几个明确阐述的假设 关于：i）抑郁症病史和性别对情绪修复中积极成熟效应的影响， 年龄，ii）人格和治疗暴露对年龄相关情绪修复的预测/调节值 变化，iii）潜在类情绪修复轨迹与性别的关系以及ANS功能随时间的变化; iv）潜在类别情绪修复轨迹对实验室中情绪修复成功的预测价值; v） 曾经抑郁和从未抑郁的群体在COG-ED上的相关差异，以及vi）COG- 艾德表现对情绪修复轨迹成员资格和基于实验室的情绪修复表现通过注意 重新聚焦我们的研究将填补情绪调节和衰老文献中的几个空白。它也代表 第一步是评估神经经济学决策方法在多大程度上反映了 可能解释情绪修复选择的机制。情绪修复轨迹和COG-ED的发现 结果在预防和治疗抑郁症方面具有公共卫生意义。

Abstract This application responds to RFA-MH-17-405 Adult Maturational Changes and Dysfunctions in Emotion Regulation. As the RFA notes, aging is associated (for most people) with increasing emotional well-being, emotional stability, and a positivity bias. While these maturational changes are believed to reflect improved emotion regulation skills (like better ways of attenuating sad mood), the literature on emotion regulation strategies and age is decidedly equivocal. Further, little is known about when maturational changes may occur given the scarcity of longitudinal studies and the use of designs, which contrast highly divergent age groups. And it is not known how psychopathology affects presumed adult maturational changes in affect-related skills. We propose to build on a unique sample of Ss, heterogeneous with respect to risk of depressive disorder, who (in prior research studies) repeatedly reported during ages 18-35+ on their emotional well-being and how they attenuate sadness/distress (mood repair); their autonomic nervous system (ANS) functioning associated with affect processing was also assessed via peripheral measures. We propose to re-assess n=225 with histories of diagnosed depression and n=200 with no histories of depression once more, and thus extend the data base up to age 59 years, covering middle-age. We will identify latent trajectories of trait mood repair from ages 18 to 59 years and determine its correlates and the effects of personality, treatment exposure and ANS physiologic functioning on class membership. We also will examine the ability to repair mood in the laboratory via two adaptive cognitive regulation strategies: attention-refocusing and neutral reappraisal. Finally, we will use a novel experimental procedure (the Cognitive Effort Discounting Paradigm or COG-ED), which quantifies the subjective cost of cognitive effort (involved in cost-benefit computations to perform a task), to examine the impact of affective load on effort-based decision making. We will test several clearly articulated hypotheses about : i) the effects of depressive illness history and sex on positive maturational effects in mood repair with age, ii) the predictive/moderating values of personality and treatment exposure on age-related mood repair changes, iii) the relations of latent-class mood repair trajectories to sex and shifts in ANS functioning over time; iv) the predictive value of latent-class mood repair trajectories for mood repair success in the laboratory; v) ever-depressed and never-depressed group-related differences on the COG-ED, and vi) the relations of COG- ED performance to mood repair trajectory membership and lab-based mood repair performance via attention refocusing. Our study will fill several gaps in the literature on emotion regulation and aging. It also represents the first step to assess the extent to which a neuro-economic approach to decision making reflects a mechanism that may explain mood repair choices. Findings on mood repair trajectories and COG-ED outcomes have public health implications in the areas of depression prevention and treatment.