Normative and atypical trajectories of cognitive-emotional development in adolescence

项目摘要 这项建议的首要目标是绘制情绪调节的神经发育轨迹图 健康的青少年和有情感障碍的青少年。调节情绪的能力是一个关键 并预测成年后的许多社会和情感结果。相反， 情绪调节发育在情感性障碍中受到损害，尤其是有以下病史的青少年 虐待。至关重要的是，虐待不仅增加了患情感障碍的风险，而且还与 年轻人和成年人的疾病严重性、自杀企图和治疗抵抗力都更强。然而，没有 研究已经全面和纵向地检查了认知障碍的神经发育轨迹。 典型发育中的情绪控制，也不知道这些轨迹在情感性障碍青年中是如何被破坏的 无论有没有受到虐待。值得注意的是，初步数据表明，虐待可能代表着一种独特的 情感障碍的亚型，特征是青春期情绪调节能力下降。这 创新的研究计划将1)绘制出认知-情绪神经发展的轨迹 发育期(TD)青少年，2)表征未受虐待和受虐待的青少年在这些轨迹上的差异 患有情感障碍的青少年(分别为AD、AD+M)和3)决定在多大程度上 随着时间的推移，情绪调节的神经发育轨迹有助于康复而不是疾病的持久性。 这个跨学科的研究团队将招募210名青年(70名/组TD，AD，AD+M)，年龄在10-16岁之间，将被 随后进行了3次以上的年度评估。在每一次评估中，认知-行为和神经指数 情绪控制将在功能磁共振成像过程中捕捉到。在这里，青年将完成全面的验证电池 探索多层次认知-情绪功能的任务，包括内隐(自动)的情绪反应 情绪调节、外显(自愿)情绪调节和一般执行功能。同时与 FMRI，将测量情绪唤醒的生理标志，包括皮肤电导、皱纹 肌电和瞳孔反应。初步分析将1)检查情绪的神经行为轨迹 2)阐明阿尔茨海默病患者情绪调节神经行为轨迹的差异 AD+M青年，以及3)绘制疾病恢复与情感坚持的神经发育轨迹图 精神错乱的年轻人。这一雄心勃勃的神经发育研究计划有望产生第一个 儿童认知-情绪控制行为和神经标记物的纵向和综合性研究 情感障碍。此外，它还将探索虐待的可能性代表有害的 情感障碍的亚型。总而言之，这项研究涉及NIMH战略计划的关键领域，包括 (1)表征神经发育轨迹和疾病轨迹的生物标记物，以及(2)识别 生物标志物，可用于量身定制治疗和开发新的干预措施。

Project Summary The overarching goal of this proposal is to map neurodevelopmental trajectories of emotion regulation in healthy adolescents and adolescents with affective disorders. The ability to regulate emotion is a critical developmental task and predicts numerous social and emotional outcomes into adulthood. Conversely, emotion regulation development is compromised in affective disorders, particularly in youth with a history of maltreatment. Crucially, maltreatment not only increases risk for affective disorders, but is also associated with greater illness severity, suicide attempts, and treatment resistance in both youth and adults. However, no studies have comprehensively and longitudinally examined neurodevelopmental trajectories of cognitive- emotional control in typical development, nor how these trajectories are disrupted in affective disordered youth with and without maltreatment. Notably, preliminary data suggest that maltreatment may represent a unique subtype of affective disorders, characterized by declining emotion regulation capacity over adolescence. This innovative research program will 1) map trajectories of cognitive-emotional neurodevelopment in typically developing (TD) adolescents, 2) characterize divergence in these trajectories in non-maltreated and maltreated adolescents with affective disorders (AD, AD+M, respectively), and 3) determine to what extent neurodevelopmental trajectories of emotion regulation contribute to recovery vs. illness persistence over time. This interdisciplinary research team will recruit 210 youth (70/group TD, AD, AD+M), ages 10-16, to be followed over 3 annual assessments. At each assessment, behavioral and neural indices of cognitive- emotional control will be captured during fMRI. Here, youth will complete a comprehensive battery of validated tasks probing multiple levels of cognitive-emotional function including emotional reactivity, implicit (automatic) emotion regulation, explicit (voluntary) emotion regulation, and general executive function. Simultaneous with fMRI, physiological markers of emotional arousal will be measured including skin conductance, corrugator EMG, and pupillary response. Primary analyses will 1) examine neurobehavioral trajectories of emotion regulation in TD youth, 2) elucidate divergence in neurobehavioral trajectories of emotion regulation in AD and AD+M youth, and 3) map neurodevelopmental trajectories of illness recovery vs. persistence in affective disordered youth. This ambitious program of neurodevelopmental research promises to yield the first longitudinal and comprehensive set of behavioral and neural markers of cognitive-emotional control in pediatric affective disorders. Furthermore, it will explore the potential for maltreatment to represent a deleterious subtype of affective disorders. In total, this research addresses key areas of the NIMH Strategic Plan including (1) characterizing neurodevelopmental trajectories and biomarkers of illness trajectories, and (2) identifying biomarkers which may be utilized for tailoring treatments and developing novel interventions.